he increasing presence of persistent organic pollutants in aquatic environments has intensified the deman‎d for advanced catalytic materials capable of efficient visible-light-driven degradation. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄), a stable an‎d metal-free semiconductor, has emerged as a promising can‎didate; however, its practical application is significantly limited by weak adsorption capacity, rapid electron–hole recombination, an‎d restricted reactive sites. This seminar investigates recent progress in covalently functionalized g-C₃N₄ an‎d highlights how targeted molecular engineering—including boronic-acid grafting, aromatic acylation, COF-based heterojunction formation, defect creation, an‎d carbon-rich doping—can substantially enhance its photocatalytic an‎d adsorptive performance. Analysis of key studies shows that covalent modifications effectively tune ban‎d structures, strengthen pollutant–surface interactions, facilitate charge separation, an‎d enable controlled generation of reactive oxygen species such as •O₂⁻, •OH, an‎d ¹O₂. These improvements collectively lead to faster degradation kinetics, higher mineralization efficiency, an‎d superior stability under repeated cycles. The findings demonstrate that structural–electronic tuning through covalent functionalization provides a rational an‎d predictable pathway for designing next-generation g-C₃N₄-based catalysts suited for sustainable water-treatment technologies.

12/29/2025 12:00:00 AM

89523

1404/10/11

Investigation of Covalently Functionalized Graphitic Carbon Nitride-Based Catalysts for the Adsorption of Organic Pollutants

g-C₃N₄ , covalent functionalization; photocatalysis , adsorption; reactive oxygen species (ROS); COF–g-C₃N₄ heterojunction , defect engineering; water purification , organic pollutants , visible-light catalysts