چكيده به لاتين
Abstract:
The standard and global Malmquist indices are among the most important indices, which are practically used in various situations for measuring the relative productivity change of DMUs in multiple time periods by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models. However, DEA models with different production technologies are used for measuring the productivity changes in both standard and global forms. For example, in FGLR decomposition, CRS (constant returns to scale) technology is employed, and the standard Malmquist index breaks down into efficiency change (EC) and technological change (TC), and FGNZ decomposition needs both VRS (constant returns to scale) and CRS technologies to be able to break down the standard Malmquist index into pure efficiency change (PEC), scale efficiency change (SEC), and technological change (TC). In addition, in the global form with CRS technology, the global Malmquist index breaks down into efficiency change (EC) and best practice change (BPC) and when VRS and CRS technologies are employed, the global Malmquist index breaks down to pure efficiency change (PEC), scale efficiency change (SEC), and best practice change (BPC).
However, empirical studies have shown that there are some important rules and regulations that can affect the productivity over time. In other words, the result of the Malmquist index might change in the presence of some additional rules. Therefore, in this research a modification of the Malmquist index, namely, the expanded Malmquist index, which uses trade-offs (TO) technology as part of their rules and regulations is proposed. It should be noted that, the expanded production possibility set (PPS) that is based on trade-offs technology allows us to present a new insight into the Malmquist index and its decompositions.
On the other hand, this modification using VRS, CRS, and TO technologies allows the expanded standard Malmquist index to be broken down into pure efficiency change (PEC), scale efficiency change (SEC), regulation efficiency change (REC), and expanded technological change (ETC). Similarly, in the global form, the expanded global Malmquist index is decomposed into pure efficiency change (PEC), scale efficiency change (SEC), regulation efficiency change (REC), and expanded best practice change (EBPC).
Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis, Standard and Global Malmquist Index, Regulations, Trade-offs, Regulation Efficiency Change
