چكيده به لاتين
Abstract:
The way of using urban spaces and environments always has a cultural origin. Although cities are always known as places for growth and development, nowadays urban problems such as pollution, poverty, inequality and injustice, crimes and other urban problems with abusing of urban spaces situations, have made these places to areas which are suitable for social problems and malformations. However each of these cases are multifaceted phenomena and are affected by various factors, we can see problems such these in some spaces. Some other spaces with special design qualities inhibit such problems and place some other behaviors and social relations on the base of social norms. Now these questions are raised: Do current urban spaces in our cities and their current behaviors fit with urban culture? Which behaviors are expected in urban spaces? Which spaces are prone to express cultural opportunities? And finally how environmental design can affect the behaviors for using these spaces and make users to respect norms of behavior and promote urban culture? So, in this research in order to promoting urban culture and citizenship behavior and limiting abuses and social malformations through environmental design of urban spaces with considering researchers’ viewpoints in related areas to urban studies and studying approaches related to behavioral sciences entitled as “behaviorism approach” and “cognitive approach” and reviewing urban culture in urban condition of urban spaces in Iran, some criteria and qualities of “cultural urban design” are explained. Hence, three criteria for urban space design with cultural-behavioral approach can be expressed which are: “collectivist individualism” or “individualist collectivism”, “spatial temporality” or “temporal spatiality”, “objective subjectivism” or “subjective objectivism”. Each of these criteria includes various qualities in order to response to diverse contemporary human needs that should be considers in urban spaces design simultaneously.
The research method is based on qualitative and quantitative methods which used due to different parts of this research which including: descriptive method in general and literature review chapters, compiling and comparative method in other studies and experiences ,and comparative method in case study related chapters including identification, analysis and design.
Research district is Sepahsalar pedestrian in 12th region of municipality and historical context of Tehran. Based on this research’s findings, design proposal for this district is divided to 6 areas and sequences (including 3 focal areas and 3 linear areas). Space design is organized based on historical background and heritage sites and users’ mental memory. Accordingly, based on well-known name of “Sepahsalar garden” in citizens’ mental memory, using symbolically of water and plant in design and a waterway in axe direction of this pedestrian and using water fountain as joiner elements of various design sectors are considers that form the main structure of this design. The architecture of valuable monuments in design district was important in determining patterns for organizing of facades and selecting types of equipment and urban furniture. Some of other points that are considered in design of this district including: considering cultural, recreation and hospitality activities in order to achieving diversity, inclusive and fun space. Moreover, with defining activity areas, behavioral and functional interactions are reduced and diverse desirable social behaviors are emerged in this space. Also, by considering some measures, environmental relaxation of users is provided in space and with more involvement of users, a desirable sense of being in place is created.
Keywords: environmental design, urban design, urban culture, citizenship, behavior, environmental psychology, behavioral science, Sepahsalar pedestrian
