چكيده به لاتين
Abstract:
Heavy oil resources as an important energy source found in many countries. About 30 percent of the world's oil reserves and 70 percent of these resources comprise conventional reservoirs contain huge reservoirs of heavy oil or oil sand. So heavy oil reservoirs have the ability to offset declining production from conventional reservoirs. EOR thermal methods are used to heavy oil reservoirs production beacause of oil high viscosity. Reduction of heavy oil is the porpose of thermal EOR methods that steam assisted gravity drain age is the effective method. This method works with inject steam to the reservoir throw the horizontal well and had been presented in 70th decate by Butler in imperial oil company and is been using in most of countries. In this study, for the first time, the performance of a heavy oil reservoir was evaluated by the second law of thermodynamics. In addition, the rate of injection and production wells, to optimize steam injection temperatures and for different cases, entropy production analysis is done. A commercial software used to simulate the EOR process. Entropy production calculated on the basis on simulation result by using computational code. Observed that the most of cumulative oil production is proportional with the lowest entropy generation number and thus entropy production can be used as appropriate objective function in EOR processes. Finally, four algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO), Cultural algorithm (CA), Imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) and bees colony algorithm (BA), were compared and to optimize these process, an algorithm have been suggested that imposes less time of optimization process and achives global optimum.
Keywords: EOR, thermal methods, particle swarm optimization algorithem, Cultural algorithm, Imperialist competitive algorithm.
