چكيده به لاتين
Fault location equipment for transmission lines usually use local measurements. There is a possibility for failure of the measurement units and/or the malfunction of the fault location equipment. In order to have a robust and reliable fault location, redundant measurements using wide-area fault location methods is helpful. This dissertation presents a study on recent fault location methods based on phasor measurement unit (PMU) and wide-area measurements.
Recent studies focus on two wide area fault location methods which are based on the bus impedance matrix or traveling wave. The method that is analyzed in this dissertation, uses PMUs and the bus impedance matrix to locate faults. One of the flaws in this method is the ignorance of loads in the calculations, which causes loss of accuracy in highly loaded grids. The method is modified to consider the load effect. The accuracy of the method is studied on the 230 kV WSCC 9-bus test system by including loads of 100 MW, 35 MVar and 300 MW, 105 MVar.
The second method using the traveling wave theory is more accurate than other methods. A novel method for wide-area fault location using traveling wave theory is developed in this study. This method carries out the fault location using the arrival time of the fault wave in sparse locations throughout the grid. One of the main advantages of this method is the small number of the measurement units required to perform the fault location. For instance, a fault in the IEEE 39-bus test system is located using only six measurement units. Furthermore, this fault location method locates the faults accurate enough regardless of the fault types. The accuracy of the method is validated by simulation studies on the IEEE 39-bus system using the EMTP software tool. The mathematical calculations are carried out using the MATLAB software tool.
Keywords: Fault-location, Transmission Networks, Wide-area Protection, Traveling Wave, PMU.
