چكيده به لاتين
Smart demand response is one of the most important features in smart grids. The demand response enables organizations and customers of the power system to postpone upgrading in their networks, reducing the operating costs and provides consumers with the opportunity to reduce their payments. This report focuses on designing a real time price for demand response programs. The load serving entity (LSE) is responsible for providing energy for customers and it design a real time price that maximize its profits. The loads of consumers are classified into three categories that includes flexible loads, inflexible loads and thermal loads. The flexible loads of customers aggregated by several aggregators and they participate in this model. The inflexible and thermal loads are not able to participate in our model and they pay their costs according market price. In order to encourage consumers of flexible loads for contributing in these programs, designed price by LSE at any time is less than or equal to market prices. Therefore, in the worst case scenario (designed price equilibrium with market price), consumers who have contributed in this scheme will not have any disadvantages. The proposed pricing model is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem where the LSE is the leader and DR aggregators are the followers and they seek for maximizing their profits. The results show that LSE and consumers profits have increased in the proposed model. Also characteristics of load curve such as load factor are improved in the presented model. Finally, an economic analysis is conducted to use energy storage for LSE.
Key words: Demand Response, Load Serving Entity, Flexible Load, Demand Response Aggregators, Bi-level Optimization.
