چكيده به لاتين
In this thesis the designs of two novel double step flare ridged horn antennas which oprate in 2-6 GHz and 6-18 GHz band width are reported.
These antennas have two-step flare structure. Radiation patterns of two main polarizations at 45° state for 10 dB beamwidth are similar. Phase center characteristics of these antennas for two polarizations are investigated.
Gain of these antennas are better than 10dB in operation band.
Variation of phase center on the axes of the horn antennas versus of the frequency are linear. Also phase centers behavior at the out of horn boresight direction of these antennas are studied. In interferometry applications to increase accuracy of the system for calibration, location of the phase center versus of the arrival angle is very important. Mutual coupling effects on the phase center variation are simulated.
By using the dual polarized antennas such as quad ridge horn antenna which is a dual polarized antenna, system needs two individual wide band receiver which they are very expensive. Instead of using the quad ridge horn antenna, system could use a double ridged horn antenna which is rotated 45° around the axis of antenna. For most single, linear polarized antennas at 45° rotation state similarity of pattern for two polarizations are for 3dB beam width range. If the similarity range of amplitude patterns reaches to 10 dB of beam width, by one receiving path and without needing to switch, accuracy of system does not depend to polarization. Although polarization efficiency of 45° rotated double ridged antennas are50% and quad ridged antennas are 100%, but implementation costs of system will be decreased. To compensate of mismatch polarization loss, high gain antennas are needed so that in this study the horn antenna is suggested. These antennas are suitable for direction finding applications which use both amplitude and phase methods.
One prototype of these antennas are fabricated and tested. Measured results has excellent agreement with simulated results.
Moreover, in this study, direction finding methods are presented briefly. Wideband direction finding antennas are discussed. In the appendixes the generated Matlab codes for mode matching and edge diffraction theory are presented
Also radiation characteristics of aperture antennas such as cavity backed slot antenna, conical, sectorial, and pyramidal horns are studied.