چكيده به لاتين
The main cost of a product is related to raw materials and components, and companies have to spend considerable percentage of their income on procurement. In some cases this cost is about 50% to 70%. Therefore, companies are becoming increasingly depending on external suppliers for resources and complementary capabilities. "one-size-fits-all" strategy for procurement.
Regarding the multitude and variety of the suppliers of organizations providing materials, components and services, it seems reasonable to adopt the same policies towards different suppliers. Therefore, there is a need to adopt a more strategic approach in place of adopting the one-for-all strategy. The supplier segmentation is introduced as an instrument to face different suppliers using a systematic approach.
The objective of the present research is to provide an approach to supplier segmentation based on the purchased item. The proposed approach segment the suppliers based on the evaluation and categorization of purchased item using Kraljic's model and the technique of analyzing the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) adopting Z-numbers approach. For this purpose, first the indices related to supply risks and critical performance of items are determined and the position of the suppliers on the matrix was evaluated using the z-number and FMEA, and the suppliers are segment into four groups of strategic, leverage, bottleneck and noncritical, and the strategies for each category is proposed.
The important point in using FMEA is the solving of the problem of different types of uncertainties in evaluating the risk factors, so in the present research the number z has been used to solve the problem. The advantage of using the Z-number over the common fuzzy methods is the consideration both the restriction and the reliability in risk factors evaluation.
The proposed approach for suppliers segmentation was adopted in a pharmaceutical company to show how the model can be used in practice
