چكيده به لاتين
Water-in-diesel fuel is an alternative fuel that can improve the combustion efficiency of a diesel engine and decrease harmful exhaust emission, especially nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). The method of emulsion preparation, the choice of appropriate emulsifier, the amount of water addition to the fuel, and the stability of the emulsion are the most challenges in this field which affect the properties of the fuel such as exhaust emission and engine performance. The main aim of this study was to investigate the impact of effective parameters such as percentage of water, percentage of surfactant, and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) on the stability of emulsion fuel, engine performance, and exhaust emission. Another goal of this project was multi-objective optimization of the engine performance and exhaust emission.
In the present work, a mixture of diesel, water, and surfactant (mixture of tween 80 and span 80) were used to produce water in diesel emulsion fuel. The optimal conditions are influenced by the type and percentage of surfactant, water-content in the emulsion and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of surfactant. At first, three effective parameters of percentage of water (5-10 % by volume), percentage of surfactant (0.5-2 % by volume) and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of surfactant (5-8) were considered using the response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box–Behnken design (BBD). The best parameters suggested by RSM were 5% for percentage of water, 2% for percentage of surfactant, and 6.8 for Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance of surfactant. The performance of emulsion fuel produced in the above-mentioned conditions and neat diesel fuel was compared in full load condition at 1800 rpm. It was found that the application emulsion fuel leads to a decrease in torque (-8.74%) and brake power (-8.88%) along with an increase in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) (+6.81%) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) (+4.93%) comparing to neat diesel performance. It was also found that the application of emulsion fuel leads to a considerable decrease in nitrogen oxide (-22.25%) and unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) (-8.75%) along with an increase in the carbon monoxide (CO) (+11.53%) and carbon dioxide (CO2) (+4.36%) comparing to neat diesel emission.
Finally, the performance and emission of the best emulsion fuel were compared with neat diesel in different variables and loads.
Keywords: emulsion fuel, engine performance, harmful exhaust emission, response surface methodology (RSM)