چكيده به لاتين
Abstract
Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) and controllable load bring in various technical, economic and environmental benefits to the power network. With the integration of distributed generations, energy storages and loads into an integrated entity, the Virtual Power Plant (VPP) provides access to these DERs to the electricity market; also, improve handling and visibility of DERs for system operators and other market players by making an appropriate interface among these system components. In this project, a model for optimal day-ahead scheduling of electrical and thermal energy resources in a VPP is proposed to make optimal decisions in the energy/reserve market with regard to profit and emission goals. The proposed model is a two-stage stochastic programming that the uncertainties of wind speed, solar radiation, electricity prices and electric load is modeled using scenario-based decision making method. Also, electrical and thermal energy storage devices and demand response resources are considered in the proposed model. The presented model is evaluated in four case studies:
• Optimal day-ahead scheduling of a VPP with the goal of maximizing profit.
•Optimal day-ahead scheduling of a VPP with the goal of minimizing emission.
•Optimal multi-objective day-ahead scheduling of a VPP with the goals of maximizing profit and minimizing emission.
•Optimal day-ahead scheduling of a VPP with the goal of maximizing profit encountering line outage in presence of Demand Response Program (DRP).
The proposed model is implemented in MATLAB software using PSO and MOPSO algorithms for single-objective and multi-objective optimizations, respectively. The proposed scheduling results show how the goals of profit and emission affect the optimal scheduling and decision making of the VPP in energy and reserve markets. Also, the impact of implementing DRP on reducing the operational cost, encountering a line outage will be investigated. In addition, the proposed method provides the possibility of choosing a compromise solution, considering profit and emission goals for the VPP operator.
Key Words: Virtual Power Plant (VPP), Demand Response, Distributed Energy Resource (DER), Emission, Multi-Objective Optimization
