چكيده به لاتين
Identification of macroscale factors which affect traffic safety is a proper step in the way of adopting macrolevel policies to decrease the harms of traffic crashes on country-level. The goal of this research is investigating the effect of macroscale factors such as rail transport, gasoline price and gross domestic product (GDP) on traffic fatalities. The goal of this research is investigating the effect of macroscale factors such as rail transport, gasoline price and gross domestic product (GDP) on traffic fatalities by the novel econometrics while previous studies focused on the impact of microscale factors on traffic fatalities, mostly. Data on this research collected for 90 countries spanning 2000-2014. Regarding different traffic safety behavior of countries with various incomes and situations, the analyses applied for OECD (often have higher income and develop level) and non-OECD (Iran is one of them) countries separately. This research utilized three methods of panel data modeling. The GMM method of modeling distinguished as the superior method. The results revealed that increasing gasoline price associates with decreasing traffic fatalities in both country groups; Because, high gasoline price leads to a decline in unnecessary travels, prevent long distance travels by personal vehicles and, more public transport use. About the relationship between GDP and traffic fatalities, often the positive relationship obtained. The coefficient of this relationship for non-OECD countries was larger than in OECD countries because growing GDP per capita, on the one hand, leads to the improvement of traffic safety and, on the other hand, causes more travels especially on roads. In non-OECD countries, the second one finds more. And, the sign of rail transport in the model for OECD and non-OECD countries were negative and positive, respectively. For this results can say In OECD countries with an expansion in railway use instead of roads, the number of people dying on roads limit. But, in other countries, more movements by rail transport would be the sign of increasing in all travels. The results of this research can use for prioritizing investment for improving traffic safety on country levels.
