چكيده: برهم زدن تعادل بين عرضه و تقاضا در مصرف آب در دهه هاي اخير باعث بروز بحران در تأمين آب در جهان شده است. ميل شديد به توسعه كشاورزي و صنعت در كشور ايران بدون در نظر گرفتن ميزان توان منطقه و اقليم و همچنين خشكسالي هاي اخير باعث شد تا ايران به لحاظ تأمين آب در شرايط بحراني قرار گيرد. خشك شدن درياچه اروميه، كم‎آبي كارون، بي‎آبي زاينده‎رود، خشك شدن باتلاق گاو‎خوني، خشك شدن درياچه هامون و در اين اواخر بي‎آبي در شهرهاي جنوبي در بهار و تابستان 1397 نشان دهنده اين است كه مديريت منابع در كشور ايران همسو با توسعه پايدار و با آينده نگري صورت نگرفته است. تأمين آب آشاميدني در شهرستان يزد به واسطه قرار گيري در اقليم گرم و خشك به كمك قنات صورت گرفته است. رشد و توسعه نقش‎هاي عملكردي شهرستان يزد باعث شده امروزه اين شهرستان در تأمين آب در شرايط بحراني قرار گيرد. اين پژوهش با ارزيابي ميزان تاب‎آوري آب شهرستان يزد با توجه به تحولات عملكردي كه در چند دهه اخير داشته، ميزان تاب‎آوري آب شهرستان يزد را مورد سنجش قرار داده است. همچنين روش انجام آن توصيفي- تحليلي بوده و با توجه به اطلاعات اسنادي و پيمايشي به استخراج تعدادي شاخص ارزيابي ميزان تاب‌آوري آب دست‎يافته است. اين شاخص‏‏‎ها با استخراج از مباني بررسي شده در مباحث تاب‎آوري اكولوژيكي و مطالعات جامع در خصوص منابع آب، صورت گرفته است. عملكردهاي صنعت، كشاورزي در اين شهرستان نيز به ترتيب 5/5 درصد و 86 درصد از حجم آب مصرفي شهرستان را به خود اختصاص داده و مابقي آن صرف مصارف شهري مي‎شود. منابع آب اين شهرستان نيز به كمك آب‎هاي زيرزميني و منابع آب انتقالي تأمين مي‎شود كه افت 16 متري دشت يزد-اردكان و نياز به منايع ديگر آب انتقالي(خليج فارس) از نتايج حاصل از مصرف و همچنين خشكسالي‎هاي اخير بوده است. با توجه به نتايج حاصل از شناخت شهرستان يزد و اندازه‎گيري شاخص‎هاي استخراج شده در قدم اول ميزان تاب آوري آب بررسي شده و بر اساس نتايج، شهرستان يزد با عملكردهاي اصلي خود به لحاظ تأمين آب تنها 31 درصد تاب‌آور است. همچنين عملكرد خدماتي با تاب‎آوري آب شهرستان همسو بوده و بخش كشاورزي و بعد از آن صنعت باعث آسيب‎پذيري اين شهرستان در تأمين آب شده است. در انتها با توجه به شناخت كامل شهرستان يزد و عملكردهاي آن در جهت ارتقاء تاب‎آوري و همچنين بررسي شاخص‎هايي كه از ضريب اهميت بالاتري برخوردار و امتياز كارشناسي نامناسب داشتند، چشم اندازي از عملكردهاي شهرستان يزد عنوان و اهداف و راهبردهاي برنامه‎ريزي تاب‎آوري آب شهرستان يزد نيز آورده شده كه براساس نتايج شهرستان يزد بايستي در قدم اول تقويت بعد خدماتي گردشگري خود توجه بيشتري نشان دهد تا بتوان شاغلين بخش كشاورزي و صنعت را جذب كرده و همچنين سرمايه‎گذاران بخش‎هاي صنعت نيز بايد به سمت صنايع پايدار با اقليم شهرستان توسعه يابد. بخش كشاورزي نيز بايد با حاكميتي مقتدر، نوع محصولات و البته نوع آبياري شهرستان يزد كاملا كنترل و در جهت پايداري باشد. كليد واژه‎ها: تاب‎آوري، منابع آب، شهرستان يزد، برنامه‎ريزي راهبردي، آسيب پذيري، پايداري، عملكرد

1398/01/19

Evaluation of Water Resilience in Yazd City, Considering the Developments in Spatial, Industrial and Agricultural Development

4/10/2019 12:00:00 AM

Abstract The rise in population growth and the development of industry in the last century has been the result of industrial development and the advancement of science in the last two centuries. On the other hand, population growth and industry development also increase the use of renewable and renewable resources in nature. Increasing the amount of resource utilization leads to the elimination of equilibrium in nature, as well as the emergence of renewable sources in some parts of the world. More than 2/3 of the Earth's volume is water, of which more than 95% is salt water. In recent decades, many countries have been unable to supply their drinking water in the world, and the shortage or sources of contaminated drinking water have caused illness and even death of people. Many of the transnational conflicts in the world have been affected by water supply problems. The drying of Lake Urmia, Karun dehydration, Zayandeh Rud waterfall, drying of the cow bog mound, drying of Hamoon Lake and, recently, blinding in the southern cities in the spring and summer of 1397 indicate that resource management in Iran is well and with no prospect. The thirst and desire for the development of agriculture and industry in Iran, regardless of the extent of the region and climate, as well as the recent drought, has caused Iran to suffer from problems with water supply today. Yazd is located in a warm and dry climate. During the history of the Yazd city,Qanat has been preserved and maintained. The service functions for the North-South transit route and the textile industry have been the main roles of the city. The location of Yazd city among mines and resources of steel, iron ore and tile, as well as the acquisition of water utilization technologies with deep and semi-deep wells, has led the city's main function to the high-consumption steel industry and Tile factories go ahead with more than 5.5% of Yazd water resources in industry. The agricultural sector accounts for 86 percent of the water resources of Yazd city and this, in turn, has earned the ninth place in the country in agricultural produce. The growth and development of industry and agriculture in recent decades has led to economic growth in Yazd, while this growth has not been consistent with the current water resources of the city. Currently more than 40% of the Ezra's water resources in Yazd have been supplied from Zayandeh Rood Transmission Resources, while we have witnessed the protests and even the clashes between many Isfahan farmers. The amount of water extraction from Yazd-Ardakan plain to meet the urban, agricultural and industrial needs of the country has led to a decline in groundwater levels of more than 16 meters over the course of 38 years. Also, from the late 80's, in both industrial and agricultural sectors, strategies In order to reduce water resources, this has partly led to a reduction and control of water consumption in the agricultural and industrial sectors, which, of course, was not enough. In this study, the effects of the main functions of Yazd city on water resources have been investigated, as well as the effects of water resources on Yazd city functions. This research has been conducted by descriptive-analytical method and according to the documentary and survey data, some water resilience index has been extracted from Yazd city. After reviewing and evaluating them, considering the importance of each, in the first step, the water resilience of Yazd city has been investigated. Based on the results of the Yazd city with its main functions in providing water, only 31% are resilient. Also, with the help of the indicators extracted for each performance, the resilience of the water performance is also assessed, which according to the results of the service performance is consistent with the water quality of the city. Therefore, due to the full knowledge of Yazd city and its functions in order to promote resilience, the outlook of Yazd city functions and the strategies of water resilience planning in Yazd city have been presented. According to the results of Yazd city, the next step should be strengthened. The tourism services themselves are paying more attention in order to attract the agricultural and industrial workers, as well as the investors of the industry sectors should go to the sustainable industries with the city's climate and in the agricultural sector must also be governed by a strong type of products and of course the type Irrigation in Yazd city is completely controlled and in the direction of sustainability