مريم فرهمند

Nowadays, increasing traffic and fuel consumption in metropolitan cities is one of the most critical environmental issues which has caused air pollution. In recent years, many efforts have been done to reduce the effects of greenhouse gas emissions of vehicles. Hence, regarding the limited resources of energy and vehicles, the pollution routing problem is developed as the vehicle routing problem and considering simultaneous pickup and delivery is one of the new research in this field. This research presented the pollution routing problem with pickup and delivery, simultaneously, with considering traffic and social responsibility. selec‎ting the best routes, with the least environmental, social and economic impacts is the main aim of this study regarding operations constraints on the transportation system. Greenhouse gas emissions, with due regard to environmental issues and corporate social responsibility, and participating in collecting materials are considered as a social responsibility. The amount of collected commodities is estimated through co-ordination models using the new contract with Stackelberg game where the retailer is following. The proposed model of routing is an integer nonlinear programming model. Due to the NP-hard nature of the problem, the hybrid metaheuristic algorithm is utilized to solve the model in large-scale. This approach is the development of an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm that is empowered by the simulated annealing algorithm. A speed optimization algorithm is also used to decrease the value of the objective function and to choose the feasible route between each pair of nodes, and the optimal speed in each arc is calculated and adjusted with regarding traffic constraints. The performance of the proposed algorithm is validated and compared with the datasets of literature. Also, the hybrid metaheuristic algorithm has been implemented for a real case study in Tehran. Keywords: vehicle routing problem, Traffic constraint, greenhouse gas emission, metaheuristic algorithm