چكيده به لاتين
The increasing human need for energy and the environmental crises caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as global warming have led to the energy market shifting towards the use of renewable energy sources. One of the oldest and most widely used of these energies is hydroelectric power, with power plants ranging from a few kW to thousands of megawatts.
Due to the hydraulic potentials of the water distribution network, it can be used as a small hydroelectric power plant, which is one of the most suitable tools for using the pump as turbine (PAT). Due to the lack of PAT characteristic curves, it is important to estimate these curves as well as to perform the process of designing a PAT plant for a station to estimate its results. In this study, firstly, the experimental data of a power station, the performance curves of a PAT and the effect of rotational speed variations on its main parameters have been analyzed. The results showed that in order to reduce the discrepancies between the experimental results and the mathematical models, the rotational speed can be used to describe the dimensionless characteristic curves. In this regard, a parameter was introduced as the speed number and its effect on the accuracy of the prediction relationships of the PAT characteristics was compared with the other models and was able to reduce the error in the head power and efficiency curves compared to the best available models, respectively, 3.7, 12.2 and 34.4 percent. Subsequently, using the hydraulic power plant initial design approach, different structures were investigated using a PAT within the water distribution network as well as single and parallel schemes at a sample pressure reduction station. The genetic algorithm was applied to select the optimal PAT in the hydropower plant. The results showed that for the studied station, the PAT performs best in single and constant speed scheme with its hydraulic adjustments made with valve. With this scheme, 10.6 MWh of power is generated over a year and the payback period is 2.29 years.
