چكيده به لاتين
Abstract:
The human resources of any country is the real wealth of that country. The main objective of development, is create conditions for a long, healthy, and creative life of this human being. One of the indicators that proves the importance of human resources in each country is the human development index. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between renewable energy and gross national product on Iran's human development index. The Research Methodology in this study in aspect of purpose is a applied research and in aspect of the nature and method of this research, is a correlation research. In this study, data extracted from the Central Bank, the World Bank, the World Resources Institute, the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from 1990 to 2015. In this research, econometric methods with 2SLS model are used for data analysis.
The results showed that renewable energy consumption had no effect on human development index. But its a reason for the rise in the human development index. Factors that slow the growth of renewable energies in developing countries (contains Iran), include items such as initial costs and high prime costs, insufficient investment and supportive policies in this area. Carbon dioxide emissions affect the human development index. The reason for this can be stated that, because of environmental taxes and environmental protection laws and regulations, they have moved towards the production of clean goods or, at least, have changed their technology to infect the environment less. In this way, these countries are trying to import goods that produce a lot of pollution through imports. Other results of the research show that there is no significant relationship between the gross national product, the urbanization rate and the openness of trade with the human development index. It should be mentioned that except the gross national product and the renewable energy variables which are a granger causality for the human development index; other variables that existed in this study, are not granger causality for each other.
Keywords: Human development index - Renewable energies - Carbon dioxside emission - Urbanization rate - Trade ratio - Gross national product
