چكيده به لاتين
Nicotine is an alkaloid that is found in most tobacco plants such as tobacco, potato, eggplant and green pepper. The dried tobacco plant contains about 0.3 to 5 percent of nicotine. Nicotine is also exist in cigarette smoke that reaches the brain within 7 seconds after smoking.
Nicotine has an electric charge. charged compounds in the electric field show good Electro synthetic migration according to the phenomenon of electrophoresis. Separation based on this migration can be accomplished by the two-phase EME or in the three-phase EME process. Today, membrane technology is a promising process for the extraction and separation of pharmaceutical and biological compounds.
In this thesis, electromembrane extraction couple with high performance liquid chromatography for extraction of nicotine from biological samples such as urine, saliva and blood. In this work, re-usable reusable porous poly acrylonitrile (PAN)/poly dimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/TiO2composite nanofibrous flat membranes were fabricated by using an electrospinning process. pH, voltage, extraction time, stirring speed, and volume of donor and acceptor phases were optimized as effective factors on the extraction process based on central composite design. The optimum conditions were calculated as 5.6, 278 V, 15 min, 800 rpm, 12 ml and 1.5 ml, respectively. The calibration curves ranged from 0.2 to 1000 ng / ml and 1 to 500 µg / ml for nicotine in biological fluids in optimal conditions with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99.
Repeatability and renewability was investigated at three concentration levels (50 and 500 ng / ml and 500 µg / ml) and for membrane repeatability at two concentration levels (50 ng / ml and 500 µg / ml). Relative standard deviation was less than 5% in one day, less than 7% in a few days and less than 8% for the membrane. The limit of detection and limit quantification for nicotine in biological fluids were 0.06 and 0.20 ng / ml, respectively. Recovery% for urine and saliva ranged from 87 to 107%.
The results of the analysis of real samples by electromembrane extraction of nicotine from urine indicate that the nicotine concentration after smoking by a non-smoker person in three days decreased from 3.6 μg /m l to 17.27 ng / ml and in saliva from 1.87 µg / l to 34.2 ng / l. Nicotine concentration in blood was measured (2.04 µg / ml) when he smoke just one cigarate and in two cigarettes (4.31 µg / ml). According to the results of this method, nicotine is detectable in biological fluid for several weeks.
