چكيده به لاتين
In recent decades, global energy demand and environmental pollution have been steadily rising. In this regard, global warming is the most widespread environmental problem. At lower levels, air pollution, water pollution, acidification of water and soil and resource depletion are other important environmental issues.
Worldwide electricity generation accounts for 42% of greenhouse gas emissions, 48% of sulfur dioxide emissions and 64% of coal and 40% of natural gas consumption. According to the outlook set by the International Energy Agency to tackle global warming and achieving sustainable development goals, greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced to 69 g per kilowatt hour of electricity generated, it is also necessary to increase the share of wind and solar mechanisms in global electricity generation to 38%.
Due to the importance of developing the photovoltaic industry for the above reasons, the high potential of solar power generation in Iran and the lack of comprehensive studies related to environmental aspects of constructing photovoltaic power plants in Iran, The life cycle of "Sari Noor" photovoltaic plant with a capacity of 150 kW has been evaluated in the present study. Life cycle assessment can be considered as the most comprehensive and the most reliable engineering, economic, management tool for modeling products and processes.
Life cycle boundaries includes all stages of the life cycle of systems and equipment used in the plant with the approach of cradle to grave analysis. Unlike other similar researches, this study considered all the components of BOS and all stages of transportation. Primary energy consumption, global warming potential, acidification potential and eutrophication potential is assessed in this study.
Three innovative methods for calculating the Energy Pay-Back Time and two innovative methods for evaluating the environmental impacts are proposed in this study which can improve the accuracy of modeling these cases up to 36% compared to conventional methods. In addition, life cycle assessment of manufacturing the Iranian-made solar panels used in the plant is considered, which had not been done before in other research. All power plant life cycle impact categories are also evaluated for panel manufacturing.
In the following, greenhouse gas emissions from Iran electric power is examined, its differences with the International Energy Agency's sustainable development outlook are described and scenarios are presented to achieve this outlook.
Results show that the power plant's Energy Pay-Back Time (EPBT) is 1.355 years. Global warming potential, acidification potential and eutrophication potential are calculated as 0.04154 kg-CO2,eq/kWh, 0.00019149 kg-SO2,eq/kWh and 0.00005734 kg-PO43-,eq/kWh, respectively. The results of this study can be used to compare the feasibility of constructing photovoltaic power plants in Iran to other types of power plants. This can be useful for policy making and selecting the appropriate renewable power generation scenario.
