چكيده به لاتين
Drowsiness is one of the important factors considered in road accidents. Among the human causes, fatigue and drowsiness of drivers are the most important causes of vehicle deviation and accidents. In Iran, fatigue and drowsiness have a 30% share in accidents. This study aimed to identify the variables affecting the occurrence and severity of injuries in fatigue and drowsiness accidents in three provinces of Tehran, Fars, and Mazandaran. The statistical population includes the accidents during 2011-2018. A four-step approach was adopted to conduct the present study. In the first step, the accident data were divided into homogeneous groups by each province using the clustering technique based on three variables: driver gender, type of area, and land use. In the second step, the unbalanced data were balanced using the balancing technique, and in the third step, the classification and regression tree method applied to each cluster, and in addition, the boosting method was utilized to increase the accuracy. The results of the present study showed that the probability of accidents due to fatigue and drowsiness increases in the roads with right-of-way and stop signs, and in the type of collision, the probability of run-off-road, overturning, and falling accidents, and vehicle collision with fixed object and also in the residential areas increases. The probability of such accidents on freeways and highways increases, but they are less likely to result in severe casualties. Also, the probability of such accidents for motorcyclists is low, but they lead to severe casualties. In addition, the drivers of defective vehicles suffer severe casualties. In all three provinces, the time of day in the residential urban areas and the type of road in suburban areas increase the incidence of such accidents. In the residential urban areas of Tehran and Mazandaran provinces and in urban roads of Fars province, motorcyclists increase the severity of injuries of male drivers. Also, in non-residential areas of all three provinces, the time of day increase the deaths of male drivers. Finally, some measures such as holding mandatory training courses for drivers, not allowing the drivers to drive for a long time without the rest along the way, limiting the driving hours at night, installing the signs containing the warning of the drowsiness dangers, and appropriate geometric design of roads are the solutions that can lead to the prevention and reduction of casualties caused by such accidents.
