چكيده به لاتين
The importance of energy in meeting basic human needs and its decisive role in various aspects such as environmental and economic issues has led societies to change consumption patterns in energy usage and governments are thinking of ways to save and reduce costs. The housing sector has a significant share in a country's energy consumption. According to the Building and Housing Research Center, 40% of the country's energy is spent in the residential and commercial sectors, and according to estimates, there is at least 30% potential for savings in this sector. According to the 2016 report of the Statistics Center of Iran, about 26% of the population lives in villages. However, very few studies have been conducted on the factors affecting the energy consumption of rural housing. Research shows that designing proper housing architecture can have a significant impact on reducing energy consumption. Given that urban and rural housing design are different from each other, so it is necessary to identify the factors influencing the design of rural housing in a place; Factors such as culture and identity, economics, social relations, technology, and politics, all of which can be defined in a specific climatic context. Throughout history, we will rarely see changes in the climatic parameters of the region, but what is variable is the methods of dealing with them, which are considered as climatic variables. The present dissertation examines the architectural design process of rural housing in the mountainous areas of Tehran province.
In this research, experimental strategy and logical reasoning, Delphi method, t-test validation, correlation and field studies, and computer simulation tools have been used. In the first stage, the results of simulations, standards, and energy regulations are analyzed, and based on this, a list of physical features affecting the energy consumption of the building is prepared and then the Delphi method is used to prioritize those physical features. In the next stage, using the census method, the physical characteristics of 120 rural houses in the mountainous region of Tehran province were examined and 120 rural houses based on 4 criteria: "building volume", "number of floors", " Use of building floors" and "Number of exterior air-related walls” are grouped in 22 basic rural housing models and 4 main groups.
In this dissertation, a total of 474 models have been studied using energy simulation software which has been used in several stages. The first step is to identify the optimal state of each of the physical features of the building in the mountainous areas of Tehran province, which includes 245 models; The second stage was related to the study of energy consumption of rural housing in the current situation, which includes 22 models and in the third stage, 204 models were simulated through the implementation of corrective strategies to evaluate the effectiveness of those solutions on reducing the energy consumption of buildings. Also, to validate the results of the simulations performed in this dissertation, 3 rural dwellings were examined as a sample and then the results of the field data were compared with the simulation results of the samples.
The outcomes of this research have been developed in the form of a model to evaluate the physical characteristics of the building and reduce energy consumption in the architectural design process. The final model includes 11 flowcharts that help the architect to act in the architectural design stages of the building in such a way that the physical characteristics of the building are most compatible with the climate of the region. The first and second flowcharts determine the type of total volume of the building and determine the orientation of the land and the building, respectively. The third flowchart simultaneously determines the type of connection with adjacent buildings, the number of floors, the type of use of the floors, the type of connection of the building walls with the outside air, and the ratio of the opening surface to the wall. In the fourth flowchart, the characteristics of the porch, the protrusion of the roof edges, and the amount of light absorption coefficient are determined, and the fifth to eleventh flowcharts determine the heat transfer coefficient of the shell and the translucent walls of the building. In this way, by controlling and applying minor modifications in the physical characteristics of the building, while maintaining the characteristics of the architectural design, it is possible to provide the additional potential to reduce the energy consumption of the building.
