چكيده به لاتين
Housing – as the substantial unit of social life – can provide a comprehensive range of opportunities in life provided if quality of functions and quality of emotions promote far from the minimum standards. The current study searches for how to attain these qualities in apartment housing units for planning at the space designing stages. Besides numerous studies performed in the field of housing quality with the focus on housing satisfaction or preferences, this study attempts to consider the designing based on environmental affordance approach as a more comprehensive approach to promote the quality of the domestic spaces.
The approach of this study is qualitative which is in search of the space suitability criteria from the point of view of the residents using the cultural probe method. Forty-one participated in this study with diverse ages in the middle decile residing at one to eight residential apartment areas of Tehran. The study has been conducted in three phases; the first phase is the daily activity reports written by the residents on different days, the second is using the photo voices taken by the residents (if they would like) from their houses and the third is an online interview with them. The combination of these three phases made it possible to survey what the people state and what they indeed perform simultaneously to obtain profound results. The data got from the study have been analyzed in accordance with the questions by the thematic analysis method.
The findings of this study show that daily lifestyle-shaping activities are influenced by the importance of health, consumption, home social role, telecommuting, housework, recreation, gender role, loneliness, individualism versus collectivism, religious cultural customs and biological activities. They are divided into subcomponents. In connection with spatial emotions and experience, the external senses include the senses of sensation, sight, hearing, smell-taste, sense of warmth and delight and suffocation; emotions arising from the nature of space include joy and pleasure, shame, fear and security, solitude and congestion and intimacy and mental demarcation with the components of permeability of inside and outside borders, cultural and religious borders, purity and impurity borders, personal space borders and are bounded by objects. Moreover, the results of examining the importance of categories indicate the fundamental role of the sense of space and place in prioritizing behavioral status within the home. The importance of the categories related to the lifestyle of the residents also indicates the lifestyle based on consumption, family-oriented and body-oriented in the middle class of apartment dwellers.
The ultimate product of the research is guidelines and suggestions for adding to the current rules and regulations in the field of residential units. Among the proposed principles, attention to the mental boundaries of residents beyond visible boundaries; Multi-sensory design with the importance of auditory sense on spatial organization; Paying special attention to enhancing the capability of semi-open spaces by setting the minimum standards necessary to shift it into a polyvalence space; Attention to the emotional and recreational function of the openings beyond the physical function (lighting and ventilation); The basis of place-based design contracts to transform the space into a desirable behavioral base according to the role of seemingly unimportant daily elements and technology; Paying attention to the needs of all age groups, especially children, in designing the form, dimensions and elements of space and promoting the interactive role of collective spaces by increasing the individual capacities of these spaces and their diversity are among the most key principles that should be considered by architects and planners. In this regard, this research has also proposed requirements for reviewing and supplementing the present national laws in the form of general requirements for spaces, lighting and ventilation of spaces, and general requirements for elements and details.
