چكيده به لاتين
Urban sprawl is a complication that has been shown to have negative consequences in many metropolitan areas. Due to different geographical, economic, social, and political structures and characteristics, the reasons for dispersal vary from city to city. The metropolitan areas of our country are also faced with the phenomenon of surface dispersion and unbalanced expansions and have their own characteristics. Scattered and unbalanced developments have created unsettled conditions in various aspects of economic, social, environmental, and population in metropolitan areas. Therefore, based on the experiences of the policy of creating new cities in different countries and in order to reduce the population burden, decentralize the metropolises and also to organize the settlements of these axes, new cities have been built and developed, To plan and organize spatial disparities and unbalanced expansions in the region by planning and constructing new cities in metropolitan areas.
One of the most important strategies for planning and guiding the spatial development of various activity and residential nuclei, such as new cities in metropolitan areas, is to use the model of rail transportation network , Which regulates the spatial structure of existing and emerging settlements. Rail development The spatial structure of the regions refers to a set of strategies that increase the use of the public rail transportation system and facilitate the movement required by today's conditions between different settlements in the region. This model regulates the development of settlements and activity centers around the main stations of the railway network as the main centers of the region and prevents the scattering of linear and stained procedures on road axes. On the other hand, it significantly reduces road trips on intercity highways by private car. By reducing fuel consumption, it partially controls environmental effects such as greenhouse gas emissions, climate change and wasted time in fasting traffic.
Therefore, the development of suburban train network as the main skeleton of the spatial structure of metropolitan areas is a good response to solve the problems caused by scattered spatial surfaces and informal settlements in metropolitan areas, including the metropolitan area of Mashhad and new settlements and cities around it. Of course, it should be noted that ease of access should not lead to more concentration of activities in the main city and the transformation of suburban cities into dormitories for the central city and reduce their functional identity. The new city of Golbahar in the metropolitan area of Mashhad and the study of the dimensions and consequences of the development of the Mashhad-Golbahar axis based on the above approaches is the aim of this dissertation. Therefore, this research is done by examining: aerial maps of the region, the location of stations on them and studying the subject literature from books and library resources to study the development of suburban train formation and its effects on surface dispersion. In this dissertation, while examining different areas from the point of view of surface dispersion, the development of the base rail of the suburban electric train on the Mashhad-Golbahar axis for controlling the unbalanced surface surface of the urban axis in this axis is reviewed and presented.
