چكيده به لاتين
The phenomenon of surface faulting due to earthquake can cause significant damage to structures and life risks in near fault area. Construction on active fault zones cannot always be avoided, especially on critical infrastructure such as highways, bridges and tunnels. To date, the purpose of the study of fault paths and the interaction of faults with shallow foundations has been suggested geotechnical and structural approaches to enable construction in areas with surface fault potentials that can be controlled by engineering methods in the context of risk management. Numerous laboratory and numerical works have been done to this end. Numerical models investigate faulting phenomena using continuum-based approaches (FEM finite element and FDM finite difference) and DEM discrete element methods. Continuum-based approaches use forces and displacements to calculate the stress-strain of each element of mesh which are created in the nodes. On the other hand, discrete element methods follow the movements of individual particles and the interactions of each pair of particles. Continuum-based approaches are computationally efficient and can provide valuable insights for geotechnical design, but it is unable to give the nature of the soil structure; however, continuum-based approaches have been developed for soil mass and have macroscopic application. Discrete elements are superior to finite element approaches. The characteristics, interactions, and kinematics of individual soil grains have been incorporated only in soil mass behavior in continuum-based approaches. Modeling of the soil grains with real void ratio between them and modeling of the large strain problems require a discrete element approach that helps engineers to understand the underlying mechanisms in solving complex nonlinear problems. But a comprehensive investigation of the response to surface failure caused by faulting, separation of different geotechnical methods to reduce the risk of dip-slip faults for the foundations. The mitigation measures and the deliberation of the effect of different parameters on foundation displacement, especially in studies with the DEM, have not been conducted except in a few cases. In the present study, first, we will evaluate & validate the model which is created by DEM using laboratory data obtained from the results of centrifuge test related to Fault Rupture and Foundation Interaction, as well as fault rupture hazard mitigation. Then, using discrete element models to examine the behavior of fault rupture foundation interaction, the practical approach to fault rupture hazard mitigation and investigating the effect of various parameters on the foundation displacements such as soil distribution size and soil density.
