چكيده به لاتين
Importance and necessity: There has always been a direct relationship between housing size (quantity) and quality. For the past decade or so, small-scale housing has come under scrutiny for what was once known as downsizing. Small-scale apartment units as one of the patterns of downsizing today, influenced by multifaceted, relative and diverse factors such as the growth rate of low-income households, rising housing prices, increasing migration to metropolitan areas, more attention to natural resources and new generation lifestyle changes It has tried to respond to the needs of citizens. Therefore, addressing the issue of small-scale urban housing in metropolises such as Tehran is important and has a special need. Problem: Based on three categories of theoretical knowledge, case study and scientific-executive practice, the quality of small-scale housing is explained. 1- In theoretical views and approaches (especially domestic research) to today's types and definitions of small-scale urban housing based on the conditions of architecture and urban planning in the country and the explanation of components related to its quality is not known and is not known. Also, a specific classification of types of patterns, macro dimensions and economic, socio-cultural, physical, and environmental indicators has not been done either in terms of the benefits of downsizing or the reasons for reluctance to do so. The novelty of the issue, the non-compliance and updating of the concepts of small housing in domestic research, as well as their lack of comprehensiveness, component leveling gaps are seen as the basis for future policy-making and planning. 2- Although there are no scientific examples based on the rules and definitions of modern small housing in the metropolis of Tehran. However, the area of the Nawab neighborhood or project that is examined to verify the concepts in order to use the case study strategy in the present study is considered as one of the areas with high demand due to a large number of small dwellings, convenient access, proximity to work centers, relative uniformity in quality and Year of construction, the target population of sparsely populated households and other factors, their importance, priority and effectiveness in improving the quality of small-scale housing is not clear. 3- In the process of improving the quality of housing due to its multidisciplinary nature, comprehensive studies to extract and level the components of architecture and urban planning for housing in areas smaller (35 to 52.5 square meters) than previously accepted spatial norms of society (such as Mehr housing with an average of 70 75 square meters), are not known and have not had a place in most of the plans and plans so far. Therefore, research questions are raised on the causes of expansion and attention to small-scale housing (benefits), causes of residential disgust in small-scale urban housing (challenges and barriers), leveling the effectiveness and effectiveness factors that improve the quality of small housing units. Objective: The multiple relationships of housing in general and small-scale housing with the fields of architecture and urban planning, which in its complex and relative relationship with economic, social, geographical, political and physical conditions, reveals its interdisciplinary nature. Accordingly, the purpose of the dissertation is to explain the components that enhance the quality of small-scale housing in line with research questions and through knowledge-seeking seeks to provide basic-practical requirements to improve or establish appropriate procedures. Methodology: The research method is fundamental in terms of purpose and its methodology is based on a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) approach. In order to analyze (check and re-check the data) the subject, the process of data processing and data collection has been carried out in several separate and at the same time-related stages. In the first stage, the position of Navab range and verification of case samples, in the second stage, screening and classification of bases, foundations and themes extracted from the subject literature, in the third stage, the effectiveness and weighting of indicators by collecting data by qualitative survey method and quantitative analysis with multivariate regression. The fourth stage is the leveling factors through the structural-interpretive method. Findings and Results: Small-scale housing is designed to meet a range of minimum needs (shelter) and to try to cover a wider range of these needs (such as the need for security, well-being). Also, to study the issue from the perspective of residents and experts, several groups of indicators were developed. In relation to measuring the residents' views on the causes of disgust of 31 indicators, the causes of expansion and benefits of small-scale housing 23 indicators were extracted. In addition, 44 indicators in different dimensions were collected to level the effective and efficient indicators on housing quality and to assess the views of experts. Regarding the causes of disgust, components of neighborhood location in the city, inadequate interior design, price increase per square meter, optional or forced choice of housing, lack of access to public transportation, non-compliance between residents' needs with architectural design and parking requirements correlated Very strong, have the greatest impact on reducing the desire of residents to live in small-scale houses. Also, according to the residents regarding the reasons for the expansion of these houses, seven items have the most impact and are: cost-effectiveness, balance in supply and demand of housing, proximity to the city center, prioritizing the quality of interior space, increasing the diversity of housing and more housekeeping, voluntary versus forced-choice, and more savings. Finally, according to experts, the variables "spatial capability", "location", "spatial efficiency", "unit area", "architectural location" and "cross-section of life" have the highest impact on improving the quality of small housing. In comparison with the opinions of experts and residents to improve the current situation scientific achievements are explained
