چكيده به لاتين
Abstract
Buildings are a kind of wealth, so their demolition causes a waste of funds and energy. In order to have low energy consumption buildings with higher comfort standards, existing buildings must be renovated. Preserving and preventing the waste of resources, reducing waste and hazardous waste, minimizing the life cycle cost, and ensuring the comfort of residents are the goals that shape sustainable renovation. Finding optimal energy and cost modernization solutions has always been a major problem in researches. In order for renovation measures to be effective, the effects of optimal solutions must be evaluated at the design stage of renovation strategies. with integration of latent heat storage technologies, it is significantly contributed to the thermal storage. using phase change materials, it can be found that the heat is absorbed in higher values than usual construction materials. In this study, the effect of phase change materials on reducing the thermal loads of the hotel building for sustainable renovation has been investigated. In this section, by modeling the hotel building in DESIGN BUILDER software, first, independent variables, dependent variables, and moderator variables were defined. After determining the thickness and characteristics of the outer shell and the location of the layers relative to each other on the wall and roof, three tests were simulated in Design Builder software by implementing phase change materials to reduce energy waste in summer and winter. In the first test, different thicknesses of phase change materials in the external walls of hotel accommodation units were examined. Heating energy 33.82% and cooling energy 25% in the optimal state, which was in the range of 10 cm thickness of the phase change material, has decreased compared to the base building. Also, the amount of gas and electricity consumption in the city has decreased by 33.81% and15.95%, respectively. In the second test, the different thicknesses of the modifier on the roof were examined, and it was observed that the thickness of 10 cm of the modifier is the optimal condition in the test range of simulation. In this test, the amount of heating and cooling energy consumption has decreased by 4.75% and 7.39%, respectively, compared to the base building. Also, a decrease of 4.53% in electricity consumption and 4.76% in gas consumption was observed. The third test was necessary to examine the thickness change of phase change materials in combination with the roof and external wall. For this purpose, the amount of energy consumption in the tested thickness range (thicknesses of 1 to 10 cm of phase change materials) was obtained simultaneously both on the roof and in the wall in a total of 132 different modes by genetic algorithm. The optimal thickness of the phase change material was obtained by genetic algorithm in the tested thickness range of 10 cm in the roof and wall. In this simulation, it was observed that the amount of heating energy consumption decreased by 39.20%, and the amount of cooling energy consumption decreased by 33.02% compared to the base building. By optimizing the building's heating and cooling energy consumption, a significant impact was made on the fuel and gas carriers of the city. Furthermore, this research showed that the use of phase change materials simultaneously in the roof and outside walls of the building reduced electricity consumption by about 21% and city gas consumption by 39.2% compared to the base building.
