چكيده به لاتين
Advances in technology, increasing environmental concerns, and efforts to make electricity prices more affordable have led network customers to increasingly use distributed energy sources (DERs), such as distributed generation and electric energy storage. Although it is predicted that in the future, active customers (ACs) with high penetration will be ready to participate in electric distribution networks (EDNs), but the hosting capacity of EDNs from ACs is limited. Improving the hosting capacity of EDN requires investment on network infrastructure, which contradicts the for-profit nature of the distribution system operator (DSO). On the other hand, increasing the presence of ACs in the EDN contradicts the monopolistic nature of the DSO. According to the research literature, in order to effectively manage ACs and create the ability to resolve conflicts of interest between different EDN’s stakeholders, changing the DSO business model is inevitable. In addition, it is important to develope an expansion planning model for future active EDN considering the electricity market at the EDN level. In this paper, at the first, an optimization model is proposed for EDN hosting capacity evaluation and the capability of various active network management schemes, including static/dynamic network reconfigurtion, reverse power flow permission, and power factor control of ACs, for improving the EDN hosting capacity is analysed. Then, the for-profit and monopolistic features of the DSO business model in the face of ACs is criticized. After that, Inspiring from successful experiences of the sharing economy business model and collaborative governance based organizational structures, a new business model and organizational structure for future active EDN operator called the electricity distribution stakeholders organization (EDSO) is developed. In the final step, using a multi-stage bi-level optimization model, the EDN expansion planning problem is developed from the EDSO perspective. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed models in EDN hosting capacity evaluation and EDN expansion from EDSO point of view, the modified 33-bus standard EDN is studied. The results of the research showe the significant efficiency of the proposed models.
