چكيده به لاتين
One of the problems that we are witnessing in today's Iranian society is the weakening of social cohesion, one of the most important causes of which can be found in housing construction plans and policies. Policies such as institutional housing built in the decades before 1360, cooperative housing and Mehr housing, which have caused the separation of different sections of society from each other in terms of culture, social, religion, occupation, income level and household dimensions. Social cohesion can be defined as an important factor for establishing communication, interaction and solidarity among members of society; Therefore, the existence of social cohesion in neighborhoods and society can increase the welfare, comfort, happiness, quality of life of all people and social capital in the society. This research has sought to find the effective components of housing design in order to increase social cohesion and improve social relations of different strata of society. In fact, this research seeks to define the strategies and policies of building housing that will bring different sections of the society closer to each other.
The evaluation of the research has been done in a combined way in two parts, qualitative and quantitative. In the first part, first by collecting information through reviewing the literature on the subject in domestic and foreign sources and after identifying the components extracted from the sources related to social cohesion, it was investigated and finally by using the tool of survey questionnaire on the Likert spectrum, from the statistical population. Architects active in the field of housing, architects active in the field of social housing and sociologists, with a sample size of 130 people and using two methods of averaging and Shannon entropy, the data were analyzed separately and the importance and priority of each of these components was determined. In the following, according to the data obtained from two methods of averaging and Shannon's entropy, 10 components were determined in higher priority. Also, in order to validate the data in the averaging method, the standard deviation of each component was calculated, and in the Shannon entropy method, the reliability of the data was measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha. According to the findings of averaging and Shannon's entropy, the creation of chat spaces in the neighborhood unit has been chosen as the best solution compared to other components to increase social cohesion. Finally, the results show the positive effect of the separation of pedestrians and cyclists in neighborhoods, the existence of health roads (a place for walking in neighborhoods), the presence of playgrounds in neighborhoods for teenagers, the creation of suitable parks in neighborhoods for different age groups. (from childhood to adolescence), the existence of daily markets in the neighborhood, the existence of common neighborhood gardens and the existence of a greenhouse for growing vegetables and greenhouses on the roof increase social cohesion. Also, the findings from the qualitative analysis confirm the importance and positive effect of mixing different strata in terms of cultural, social, religious, occupational, income level and different household dimensions in creating social cohesion in the society.
