چكيده به لاتين
Today, owing to shortage of the fossil fuel resources, environmental pollution, lack of access energy network in some remote areas, resilience and cyber risks, societies are more seriously looking for ways to replace or reduce the use of non-renewable energies. Considering the problems caused by the use of non-renewable energies, it is important to pay attention to two basic solutions in the field of energ; The first is energy saving consumed in the society sections and implementing the renewable energies in the supply chain, hybrid or standalone for different application. Paying attention to the issue of energy saving, in addition to providing the possibility of reducing the use of fossil energy, can also lead to the use of a higher percentage of renewable energy .Saving energy is considered in two ways, one from the point of view of how to use it and the other is the type of equipment and systems that are used. In terms of saving energy, what has been considered in this thesis is attention to materials that can lead to the reduction of annual energy consumption in a residential building. For this purpose, a building with an area of 1000 square meters in Damavand region has been simulated in Hap modeling software and calculated cooling and heating load. By changing the materials of the external walls, the dimensions and materials of the windows and the type of glass, seventy-two alternatives were defined and finally, alternative number 53, which uses 5 cm polystyrene insulation in the external layers, UPVC windows and the use of low-emissivity and reflective glass in the double-glazed windows were defined with a 31.45% reduction in annual energy consumption compared to the initial plan (prepared by the architecture group), and it is considered as a criterion for modeling the cooling and solar heating system of the building. Using this alternative, the solar absorption chiller for cooling and heating system with a flat plate solar collector was simulated in TRNsys software. It has been reported that the solar fraction in the summer season is 29.7% at the optimal angle of 20 degrees, which is 6.61% higher than the initial conditions of the plan (alternative number one). Furthere, in the first quarter of the year, the solar fraction was 98.9% at the optimal angle of 65 degrees, with an improvement of 1.12% compared to the original plan, at the angle of 60 degrees, and in the last two months of the year, the solar fraction was 19.62% at the optimal angle. 75 degrees and 5.51% improvement compared to the initial plan in 70 degrees angle has been reported.
Finally, the change in materials and the use of solar systems led to a 45.11% saving in energy consumption in the summer season, 65.39% in the winter season and a reduction of 53411.39 kg of carbon dioxide gas per year.
