چكيده به لاتين
The way of building housing in Tehran is such that the semi-open spaces lose their value and quality over time as one of the important spaces of the house and the existing spaces are of the least use in the daily life of the residents of apartment units due to their poor quality. It should be said that although the passage of time makes changes in needs and concepts inevitable, some human needs, which most of all go back to his psychological and individual characteristics, have natural foundations and with the passage of time, they may undergo changes only in terms of form. . Nowadays, due to the change in housing construction methods and its vertical expansion instead of horizontal expansion, the need for a bold and active presence of semi-open spaces in apartment houses and dense urban fabric is felt more and more due to the constant and changing mental and physical needs of humans. . Moreover, the spread of epidemics like Corona has also highlighted the need for semi-open spaces and increasing their quality to be used more. The purpose of this research is to compare the quality of semi-open spaces that are built in today's housing with the academic theories and approaches of designing semi-open spaces in housing; In this way, the degree of alignment between the theory of the design of semi-open spaces and what is implemented and built in practice is determined, so that a suitable framework can be provided for the design and implementation of private and semi-private semi-open spaces in Tehran. At the beginning, in the literature review step, through the descriptive-analytical method and library tools, information about the subject was collected in published books, articles, theses, authoritative architectural magazines, research reports, etc. in various fields. According to a systematic review in several stages, 65 sources related to semi-open spaces, quality and housing were found, and 13 sources were used to search for study samples. Then, based on the information obtained from the content analysis method, the components were sorted and adjusted and their frequency was extracted based on the desired sources. Scored. After that, through the method of case study and physical analysis, 30 study samples were selected according to the time frame of the construction year in the last 10 years and in climates similar to Tehran city in two types of apartments and single units (inside/outside the city) based on the components extracted from Literature was discussed. In this way, the amount of use of each of the desired components in the samples was extracted and the weight of each component was obtained by the Shannon entropy method. In addition, through this analysis, superior reference samples were identified. The obtained results show that from the perspective of experts in the field of housing and architecture, the quality dimension of private and semi-private open spaces has two semantic and physical aspects, and the physical aspect of the quality of semi-open spaces is its semantic dimension. This means that one or more physical components can form one or more semantic indicators and vice versa. For example, by paying special attention to the physical components such as the contiguity of the spaces, the degree of enclosure, the openings, the building elements of the space, it is possible to respond to parts of the semantic aspect of the quality of semi-open spaces such as: privacy, aristocracy, the need to preserve privacy. It was also determined that the order of priority of the physical components of the quality of semi-open spaces in the literature are: natural elements, dimensions - height of the space, contiguity with the interior space, proportions of the space, the size of the space and variety of activities - spatial variety, desired activity, connection with the environment, visibility and landscape, social interaction. And the priority order of the components in the 30 selected study samples are: natural elements, materials, color, opening, elements that create space and beauty, sight and view, connection with the environment, continuity (inside and outside) and desired activity. Finally, it was found that the components of diversity of activity - spatial diversity, desirable activity, connection with the environment, view and landscape, privacy in the literature of the subject and the examples of studies carried out are aligned, but the components of social interaction, hierarchy (spatial-functional) ) and security, private and public connection and thermal, audio, visual comfort do not match. For example, the semantic component of social interaction is considered to be of high importance in the literature of the subject. In the study samples, it seems to be less important, which due to the transformation of housing patterns and the consequent changes in the lifestyle of urbanization, cultural-social needs are also affected has changed
