چكيده به لاتين
Phthalates, commonly known as plastic softeners, are used in the structure of many polymer products. Due to the abundant production and use of these chemicals, chronic hazards threaten humans and the environment. Therefore, their separation and detection of trace amounts have been considered. In this work, a high-efficiency electro-membrane extraction/liquid chromatography method has been employed to extract bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate and dibutyl phthalate as well as enantiomers of tamsulosin. Here, electrospun hydrophobic membrane (PAN / PDMS / TiO2) was applied to separate phthalates. In the phthalate extraction process, the effects of pH, voltage, time, and stirring speed were studied by one variable at a time method. Then under the optimal conditions, the linear range of phthalates in four cosmetic tissues was obtained Samples of sunscreen, hand cream, body deodorant spray, and nail polish were linear in the range of 10-1000 ng ml-1, 50-1000 ng ml-1, 50-1000 ng ml-1, 30-5000 ng ml-1, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were calculated 1.54-14.54 ng ml-1 and 48.47-54 ng ml-1, respectively. The repeatability for four different tissues was estimated at 92.37-107.47%.
Today, chirality has received a great deal of attention in the pharmaceutical industry, as drugs are usually a mixture of two enantiomeric forms at 50:50 in one solution. Theoretically, one of the two enantiomers is active and the other one may play a role in causing side effects of drugs. In this thesis, a chiral selector core-shell membrane was used to separate the enantiomers of tamsulosin. R enantiomer of tamsulosin has therapeutic properties and its S enantiomer causes side effects; therefore, their extraction and determination are vital. The prepared membrane was selective for S form. In order to extract the enantiomers of tamsulosin, various parameters such as voltage, time, and stirring speed were optimized by one variable at a time. Calibration curves were linear in the range of 5-100 ng ml-1. The detection limit of this method was in the range of 1 ng ml-1. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was in the range of 3-7% and also the recovery was in the range of 109-99%. The efficiency of separation was 95% and 5% for R and S forms, respectively.
