چكيده به لاتين
Participation is now a well-established approach in different scientific fields and has robust theoretical and practical support. But despite its merits and successes, it is facing many questions and challenges. Some important questions are about participation techniques, methods, and processes. There is a wide range of techniques and methods in participation reports, articles, and resources. However, they are not collected properly and a participatory designer has too many choices which may lead to confusion. Also, their implementation, appropriation, and effectiveness are important aspects to consider but are usually ignored or not reported. This thesis is a first step in collecting and reporting participation methods in order to facilitate participatory design and architecture by providing a list of said methods to choose and adapt due to the project at hand.
In literature review, with an analytical method, the nature of participation, its origin and different theories about participation are reviewed. Then implantation of participation is covered by discussing participant groups, participation types, obstacles in the way and some participation processes and methods. Lastly, the relation of participation, research and design is discussed to show the importance of the question and objective of this research.
This research has a two-step methodology. Firstly, it uses a systematic review method to collect and analyze recently used participation techniques, methods, and processes to help other participatory designers choose proper participation techniques and methods and design their participation processes and projects in residential architecture. The collected data is extracted from articles indexed in Scopus & Web of Science between 2000 and 2021, using Participatory Design, Participatory Planning, Urban Participation, Participation Tools, and Participation Methods as keywords, in titles, or in abstracts. After screening, these methods and processes are extracted and analyzed. Then, combining some of the findings, a participatory design process in four steps is recommended. The four steps are: getting to know, current situation assessment, design, and feedback and modification.
Finally, this suggested process is tested in Farahzad neighborhood of Tehran. 7 residents of Farahzad participated in the process of designing their own houses. The observations and results confirm that active participation of residents in designing their environment has a positive influence on the quality of said environment.
