چكيده به لاتين
Neighborhoods are consistently considered as one of the most fundamental elements of cities in the urban planning system of Iran and the world, which were created organically and based on the context and vernacular characteristics and with various social, cultural, historical, etc. reasons. Also, one of the important structures of the neighborhood, which has always been important in the vernacular and traditional urbanism of Iran, but has been forgotten nowadays, is the center of the neighborhood. These Neighborhood centers had different functions and in addition to providing the services needed by the residents, by considering various cultural, religious, and commercial, welfare, etc. functions and activities. They keep the places alive over time, provide the context of social-cultural connection and communication, and strengthen and consolidate the link between the residents and increase the sense of belonging to the neighborhood. However, in the last few decades and following the arrival of modernism in Iran, many neighborhood centers lost their social, service and communication functions. And the new structures of the city were also developed without paying attention to their native context and after that, many issues and problems arose, such as the reduction of social cohesion, vitality, sense of belonging and place identity, etc. Also, in this regard, it can be said that the urban development plans were considered without regard to the context and vernacular conditions, and this has caused the loss of the role of these centers as one of the main social and service nodes in the structure of the neighborhoods, so that in these neighborhoods we witness Dispersion of services and reduction of relations and social cohesion among residents. In addition, the physical appearance of neighborhoods and, consequently, neighborhood centers in new urban structures is not in harmony with the native identity of the region, and environmental issues and providing climate comfort for residents have not been given due attention. For this purpose, the present research is conducted in such a situation that neighborhoods and neighborhood centers have deteriorated and vernacular values and instruction to be forgotten and destroyed, was investigated with the aim of designing neighborhood centers in new urban structures with an emphasis on the principles of local urban planning and in this regard, the "descriptive-analytical" method has been used. The information required for this research was extracted through library and field studies methods and analyzed using SWOT technique and SPSS software. While conducting this research, the neighborhood center design criteria with emphasis on the principles of vernacular urbanism such as physical cohesion, balance, social vitality, sense of belonging, adaptation to the climate, etc., were identified in the form of five physical, socio-cultural, perceptual, environmental and economic dimensions. And first, how they crystallized in the center of Kuti neighborhood in the old context of Bushehr was investigated and then the status of each of the criteria in the neighborhood and the center of Bahonar neighborhood has been considered in the new structure. In general, the results of this research indicate that new urban structures such as Bahonar neighborhood have weaknesses in one of their most important neighborhood structures, namely the neighborhood center, and these centers have not been developed as they should be and on the other hand, they have care to their vernacular context and values. Therefore, in order to achieve a desirable neighborhood center, an attempt was made to compile a neighborhood center design guide in accordance with Bushehr native urban planning principles as a guide document. And the design solutions were used and the center of Bahonar neighborhood was designed and as an example of the existing problem according to the teachings of vernacular urbanism of Bushehr. Therefore, it seems that using these local principles and teachings in accordance with the current needs of the residents can improve the environmental and human qualities in the neighborhoods and neighborhood centers. And on the other hand, these valuable instruction and principles that have been forgotten are preserved and revived and passed on to the next generations.
