چكيده به لاتين
Ultrasonic sensors are a well-established technology that finds widespread use in a wide variety of commercial and domestic settings. They are a great option for many cutting-edge goods that need to detect a user's presence or measure a distance because of their simplicity, low cost, and sturdy construction. However, their adaptability to different conditions is enhanced by the fact that their hardware and software settings can be altered. In transportation sector, Successful results have been achieved throughout time with the implementation of Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS) to alleviate traffic congestion and delays. Most modern cities are getting smarter thanks to intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which utilize a variety of hardware and software technologies to monitor traffic, alter traffic signaling lights, and show speed limits to drivers. The traffic information acquisition modules of an ITS need to be top-notch, and there are many proven methods for doing so. The price of ITS is heavily influenced by the method of installation and maintenance of traffic information gathering modules. The use of ultrasonic sensors for traffic flow has also been proposed to reduce installation and upkeep costs. In this study, a brand-new vehicle-detection system based on ultrasonic road sensors is presented. The ultrasonic sensor cannot function without the trigger pin. In microseconds, the sound wave arrives at the echo pin. The project makes use of Arduino boards and female-to-female inverter wires. The hardware-connected sensor gives an indication of how far away an object is from its back. The block adds or subtracts a specified number of meters from the specified distance. The sensor registers a reading of 0 once the object is in its field of view. When the sensor is simulated without the hardware connection, the result is 0. In this prototype of Intelligent Traffic Systems (ITS) vehicle detection, the Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) is connected to Arduino (UNO type that has been coded), which processes the data that is communing from the sensor. Then send it to the ITS screen (crystal screen 16*2) to show the road conditions if it is busy or non-busy …. Etc. In addition, this thesis presents a study on measuring the speed of a moving vehicle using an ultrasonic sensor. The proposed method uses a single ultrasonic sensor to calculate the distance between the ultrasonic sensor and the vehicle at two different points in time. By calculating the change in distance and the time interval, the vehicle speed can be calculated. The accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method are evaluated through simulations and experiments. Monitoring a building's structural health is an efficient way of reducing down on the funds used for maintenance and repairs over the course of the building's lifecycle. Nondestructive examinations of a wide variety of structures are now performed by sending workers into potentially dangerous or inaccessible regions. These inspections require either the removal of the structure or the transportation of workers to inaccessible areas. Accessibility issues, complex geometries, the location and depth of hidden damage, and a structure's isolation are just some of the inspection challenges that can be solved with the help of in-situ sensors and remote interrogation. Additionally, using on-board health monitoring devices to examine structural integrity on a more regular basis could aid in the prevention of unforeseen fault growth and structural failure. Research into the design and verification of a network of Ultrasonic sensors for surface crack detection is now complete. It is a type of non-destructive testing (NDT) that could be used in structural health management for things like finding cracks and keeping tabs on how often they happen. The use of ultrasonic sensors in transportation has advanced recently, and this article details those developments. The ultrasonic sensor's ability to identify cracks quantitatively and its potential uses in structural health monitoring of R.C buildings and other civil structures will also be explored.
