چكيده به لاتين
The widespread use of electric vehicles, including pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in electric vehicles, has had a significant impact on the transportation industry. Lithium-ion batteries have emerged as the preferred energy storage system and play a vital role in commercializing electric vehicles. However, battery performance is heavily influenced by temperature and requires thermal management systems to maintain the battery temperature within an optimal range and ensure battery pack performance and passenger safety. In this study, efforts were made to improve the thermal management system of lithium-ion batteries, and active and passive systems were numerically investigated. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to improve the modeling of heat generation in the battery. In this regard, a temperature-dependent dynamic model was presented, and its error was compared with that of a constant heat generation model. Based on this, the dynamic thermal model had an average error of 2.49% with a maximum error of 5.21%, while the constant heat model had an average error of 9.42% with a maximum error of 23.36%. Furthermore, the results showed that active and passive systems alone were not capable of creating favorable conditions, and therefore, a combination of six hybrid systems (coupled or hybridized) was used. In these systems, both the maximum temperature and the temperature difference in the battery were within the specified limits. At the same input speeds of 0.1 meters per second, the hybrid system reached a maximum temperature of 308 Kelvin and a temperature difference of 3.25 Kelvin under the best conditions, while the coupled system determined the values of 312.1 and 5.3 Kelvin for the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference, respectively.
