چكيده به لاتين
Introduction and statement of the problem: Urban green spaces and parks are considered one of the most essential urban uses due to their numerous environmental and social benefits, and the fair access of citizens to these spaces is very important. However, access to these spaces is not always equal among neighborhoods and different population groups. Based on this, it is important to examine the spatial justice in access to urban green spaces over time so that the urban planning done in this regard can be evaluated and its flaws identified. For this purpose, the investigation of spatial justice in access to parks has been done in the two neighborhoods of Jahanshahr and Baghestan in Karaj as immigrant-friendly neighborhoods with different history of green spaces. Examining access to parks in these neighborhoods is important in order to identify the influencing factors, and comparing these two neighborhoods can have effective results for the research topic due to their importance and position.
Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to evaluate access to parks from the perspective of spatial justice, and micro-objectives such as identifying the factors affecting spatial justice and access to parks, investigating and comparing the trend of access to parks in the years 2006 and 2016 in Jahanshahr and Baghestan neighborhoods of Karaj, providing solutions to promote spatial justice in access to parks in areas in need for future planning in the mentioned neighborhoods.
Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research method, and examines the issue with a combined (quantitative-qualitative) approach. The method of collecting information is based on the data of the statistics center, land use maps, library documents and field surveys. G2SFCA method has been used for access analysis and Gini coefficient, spatial autocorrelation and ordinary least square regression have been used for spatial justice analysis.
Findings and conclusions: In order to investigate the objectives of the research, first the access index to the parks was calculated by including the park quality index in the two neighborhoods of Jahanshahr and Baghestan and in two modes of access (pedestrian access and car access) for the years 2006 and 2016, and then the spatial justice in citizens' access to This user was examined from two viewpoints of equality of opportunities and need-based viewpoint. According to the results of the research, both the number of parks and their quality have increased in both Jahanshahr and Baghestan neighborhoods during these ten years, which has also increased access to parks, but due to insufficient attention to Proportionate distribution of parks, spatial injustice has also increased. In the neighborhood of Jahanshahr, in the investigation of spatial justice from the perspective of equality, pedestrian access is associated with an increase in inequality, and car access is associated with a slight decrease in inequality. But in Baghestan neighborhood, both types of access have been associated with an increase in inequality. Regarding the investigation of spatial justice from the point of view of need-based justice in Jahanshahr neighborhood, pedestrian access to parks has been paid more attention to people's needs in the past. And this has not been the case with regard to car access to the parks, and people's needs have not been taken into account in both years. However, in Baghestan neighborhood, according to need-based justice, the needs of people have not been taken into account in pedestrian access to parks, and with the passage of time, more attention has been paid to people's needs in relation to riding access to parks. In order to promote spatial justice in access to urban green space, there are important suggestions, including that the quality of parks should be improved and the accumulation of parks in certain parts of the city should be prevented. Also, the distribution of parks should be done according to the population and the needs of the residents.
