چكيده به لاتين
Numerous organic and inorganic compounds, as well as transition metals, play a direct catalytic role in chemical processes. However, the utilization of these materials is constrained by challenges such as the separation of products from residues and the recycling of catalysts, despite their high catalytic activity resulting from the increased contact surface of homogeneous catalysts with reactants. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on graphene oxide due to its remarkable chemical and mechanical properties, as well as its various chemical modifications. Among these applications, the use of modified graphene oxides as catalysts is of utmost importance. Graphene oxide has demonstrated its efficacy as a catalyst in numerous reactions, and by functionalizing it with organic compounds, its catalytic properties can be enhanced, transforming it into a heterogeneous catalyst. Various types of functionalized graphene oxide catalysts have been documented. This thesis employs GO-ANSA as an innovative and highly effective heterogeneous nanocatalyst. Tetraketones and their derivatives are typically synthesized through Knoevenagel condensation and Michael addition. Tetraketones contain four carbonyl groups and exist in two forms, known as keto-enol tautomerism. They serve as major intermediates in the preparation of important heterocycles, including xanthenediones and acridindiones. Additionally, tetraketones find applications in the medical field. By eliminating a water molecule, tetraketones can be converted to xanthenediones. Xanthenes possess numerous medicinal and biological uses, and heterocyclic compounds are widely employed in the synthesis of pharmaceutical and biologically active substances. Given the extensive usage of these derivatives in the pharmaceutical industry, their synthesis is of great importance, and considerable efforts have been dedicated to developing mild, facile, and environmentally friendly methods for synthesizing tetraketones (as intermediates in the synthesis of xanthenediones). Green chemistry has utilized efficient and recyclable catalysts for the synthesis of these compounds. Various synthesis methods have been described, involving the use of different catalysts, temperature conditions, and solvents. The utilization of GO-ANSA as a nanocatalyst for the preparation of tetraketone derivatives under the aforementioned conditions enables rapid and high-yield reactions. Furthermore, this catalyst is recyclable and can be easily separated.
