چكيده به لاتين
Today, urban management experts believe that living in cities requires the presence of pedestrians. This means that the design of urban streets should be human-oriented. For this reason, the approach of building pedestrian zones has been expanded all over the world with the aim of improving the quality of citizens life of citizens. Among the city managers of Iran, this issue has been accepted for several years, and of course, it has had successful, semi-successful and failed experiences. Since the building of this type of urban spaces is accompanied by negative and unwanted consequences, therefore, it is very important to evaluate the effects of the building of pedestrian zones in cities. evaluation of pedestrian zone performance using the level of service (LOS) is of interest in this research. Based on the definitions of the Highway Capacity Manual, the pedestrian zone is classified as off-street pedestrian facility, and the method of LOS analysis is different from the sidewalk; Because a separate chapter in this manual is dedicated to it. Therefore, the current research is defined based on this difference in methods. On the other hand, the previous researches in the country, which focused on the pedestrian level of service (PLOS), did not pay attention to the pedestrian zones, and basically the LOS of pedestrian zones was not studied. Therefore, the LOS analysis has been carried out based on the 2022 edition of the Highway Capacity Manual. Also, this research seeks to create a bridge between performance of pedestrian zone and users' satisfaction with the quality of the environment, so that if it is realized, the LOS can be used as an engineering tool to improve citizens' satisfaction with the quality of the environment, and also to develop the walkability in Iran's cities. In this regard, the pedestrian zone of Eram in Qom city has been studied as a case. Therefore, the environment quality model of the current research has been developed according to the physical design theory based on the three indicators of the Canter location model, in which the target variable is the quality of the environment and the variables of access, lighting, passages, urban facilities, urban environment, and the quality of the social environment, social interactions, security, economic function, cultural activity, environmental perception as independent research variables. A questionnaire containing 39 items to measure independent variables was prepared and distributed among the users of the study area. Also, the comparison of the quality of the pedestrian environment with the situation before its construction in 2009 shows that after the building of project, the quality of the environment has improved and the citizen's dissatisfaction has reached satisfaction. From the point view of users, the variables of security, social interactions, urban environment, quality of social environment, passages, lighting, access, environmental perception have been significantly improved. The general LOS of the Eram project in the three time periods under study is equal to grade C. None of the methods of PLOS analysis are comprehensive in relation to the dimensions of the subject. Experts do not agree on a LOS analysis method, the HCM method does not accurately reflect the conditions governing the environment, including environmental factors and user behavior and perception factors. The methodology of LOS analysis at the intersection of two pedestrian zones should be developed. Circulation routes in the environment complicate the LOS analysis process.
