چكيده به لاتين
Forests, the lungs of the earth, play an irreplaceable role in the life of the earth. Protection and maintenance of these valuable ecosystems has caused concerns due to exposure to destruction and deforestation and climate change. The importance of the issue caused the Glasgow meeting to be held in 2021 and discuss forest protection and climate change. Forests and rural settlements are two vital and interdependent elements in maintaining environmental balance and sustainable development. In order to preserve forests, the current research examines the dispersion of villages and its effect on forests. The aim of this research is to provide an efficient model for the distribution of rural settlements located in the forests of Zagros (Hawraman). Due to the importance of this area as a world heritage, the lack of proper management and the loss of a large area of forests due to deforestation and fire, the necessity of conducting this research becomes more apparent. In this thesis, by reviewing the theoretical foundations, indicators affecting the dispersion of settlements in the forest area have been extracted in four criteria, which include geological criteria with indicators of height, slope, slope orientation, surface hardness, and distance to the fault; accessibility criteria with indicators of distance to road, distance to river, distance to city, distance to village, land capacity and population; Climate criteria with indicators of pollution, precipitation, temperature, weather, wind, vegetation, humidity and soil erosion; And the standard of production is with indicators of animal and agricultural products. After achieving complete understanding, binary comparison and weighting of each of the criteria and indicators was done for 267 selected villages in the forest part of this region using AHP model and GIS software, and the final model was presented for the villages located in the forest part with high coverage. The final model of the thesis is proposed by using four main policies of banning living in the village, transfer of the settlement, integration of several settlements and stabilization in the existing situation in compliance with the proposed conditions, in order to improve both the nature of the rural settlements and the forests against destruction and Deforestation and... protection.
