چكيده به لاتين
Iran has many fossil resources that are used as fuel; However, these resources are running out. On the other hand, the consumption of these fuels emits a large amount of pollutants, and transportation ranks second in the production of greenhouse gases. Also, since employment resources and welfare levels are not well distributed in the country and are concentrated in big cities, a huge flood of this population has migrated to big cities and the problem of air pollution in Iran's megacities along with migration Wide spread has created more and more problems. Therefore, moving towards renewable and clean energy such as hydrogen, which does not emit any greenhouse gas, will definitely be effective in reducing air pollution in big cities, contributing to sustainable development by creating employment and developing new domestic and foreign markets. . Although hydrogen technologies and products have made significant progress over the years, the lack of hydrogen infrastructure and little investment in this field still hinders the formation of a hydrogen-based economy. How to create the necessary infrastructure for the production, storage, distribution and consumption of hydrogen, in a way that brings the most economic, social and environmental benefits, is one of the most important issues in achieving this goal. The present research was carried out with the aim of designing a sustainable multi-period supply chain network to meet the demand of hydrogen fuel under uncertainty. The hydrogen fuel supply network problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming to meet the demand under deterministic conditions as well as under uncertainty in the period of 2025 to 2040. In this model, the supply layer of raw materials, including the location of sources and methods of access and transportation, was comprehensively investigated for the first time. Also, for the sustainability of the supply chain network model, in addition to considering measures to reduce greenhouse gases, the objective function of job creation in areas with higher unemployment rates was used in order to increase social satisfaction and improve the quality of life. This prevents the increasing growth of migration from low-income areas to big cities and the resulting problems. The presented supply chain model has two objectives and the Augmented epsilon constraint method has been used to solve it. Also, to deal with the uncertainty in hydrogen demand, a Scenario-based two-stage stochastic programming approach has been used. By implementing the presented model on the country of Iran as a case study in the time horizon of 1405 to 1420 under four different scenarios, the results show that considering the location of raw materials plays a significant role in deciding the location of production factories and the overall structure of the hydrogen supply chain network. The cost of production technologies, the unemployment rate of the provinces and the demand of each grid are important factors influencing the decision of the production configuration. Steam methane reforming plants are used due to their common and cheaper technology, also Iran's benefit from huge gas resources for production. Liquid hydrogen tanker trucks for long distances and compressed hydrogen gas for transportation in shorter links are used.
