مصطفي رمضاني قهفرخي

Tracers, due to their direct interaction with reservoir environments and appropriate measurement scales, serve as powerful tools for studying reservoir behavior and improving extraction processes. Information obtained from tracer tests aids engineers in optimizing enhanced oil recovery (EOR) programs and increasing overall reservoir efficiency. Single-well tracer tests, known for their high accuracy and shorter duration compared to inter-well tracer tests, have gained significant attention in the oil industry in recent decades. This method has become a powerful tool for determining residual oil distribution and eva‎luating the effectiveness of EOR operations. Ethyl acetate has been primarily used as a primary tracer in most single-well chemical tracer tests. The challenges encountered with ethyl acetate led to the development of a new family of fluorescent tracers. Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), due to their unique properties such as strong and stable fluorescence, high polarity functional groups, non-volatility, excellent stability in high salinity solutions, cost-effective production, and high detection limit in the parts-per-billion (ppb) range, have emerged as an ideal option for use as tracers in complex reservoir environments. In this research, a new type of carbon quantum dot was synthesized using a one-step method with inexpensive precursors, resulting in an average diameter of 7.9 nanometers and a zeta potential of -6.0 millivolts. These CQDs were easily detectable down to concentrations of 10 ppb using photoluminescence spectroscopy. Results showed that these quantum dots exhibited remarkable stability under simulated reservoir conditions, including temperatures of 70°C and salinities up to 250,000 ppm, without adsorption in carbonate environments. These properties make these quantum dots a suitable candidate for application as chemical tracers in hydrocarbon reservoirs.

تست ردياب شيمايي تك چاهي , اشباع نفت باقيمانده , ازدياد برداشت نفت , نقاط كوانتومي كربن , سيستم سيلاب زني آزمايشگاهي

single-well chemical tracer test (SWCTT) , residual oil Saturation (Sor) , enhanced oil recovery (EOR) , carbon quantum dots (CQDs) , laboratory flooding system

Mostafa Ramezani Ghahfarokhi

Dr. Rohaldin Miri