چكيده به لاتين
This research investigates the structure of Acoustic Black Holes (ABH) and their applications
in energy harvesting. In recent years, advancements in energy harvesting technologies have
been integrated into various modern devices and systems. This structure is used in artificial
intelligence (AI) systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), and various applications. Energy
harvesting from mechanical vibrations is particularly promising for condition monitoring
applications and wearable sensors. However, its use is currently significantly limited due to
the low power output of such transducers. Previously, most energy harvesters were designed
as linear resonators capable of capturing maximum environmental energy at their resonance
frequencies. However, with slight frequency changes, the performance of energy harvesters
significantly decreases. Therefore, the narrow bandwidth and low power output of energy
harvesters remain significant challenges. In this study, the first chapter introduces the
importance of energy harvesting and the methods proposed so far. Afterwards, the history of
the Acoustic Black Hole (ABH) is discussed, and its origins are explained. Finally, the
structure of ABH is described, and its advantages in energy harvesting compared to other
methods are outlined. In the second chapter, the governing theory of the Acoustic Black Hole
structure and the influence of various parameters on them are explained. Additionally, this
chapter covers the different types and their advantages in rail transportation. Furthermore,
this chapter explains energy harvesting from the Acoustic Black Hole using piezoelectric
transducers and examines the effect of adding an exotic structure to vibration harvesters. The
third chapter involves a parametric study of the Acoustic Black Hole structure, presenting the
optimal geometry and structure for energy harvesters. In this chapter, each parameter
affecting the ABH structure is studied, and the research continues towards optimizing the
structure. Finally, the optimization method is described depending on the intended
application. In the fourth chapter, to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed design, an
experimental model of the proposed structure is constructed, and numerical simulation results
are performed. The results are then compared with the experimental model. Lastly, the
conclusion and potential suggestions are presented.
