چكيده به لاتين
Electric vehicles are finding their place in the ground transportation industry. The battery is the cornerstone of an electric car. Due to variable environmental conditions (temperature and sunlight), the car (cabin and battery) experiences different temperature conditions. It is necessary to have a thermal management system to bring the temperature of the cabin and battery to the desired temperature. Thermal management systems include air-cool, and water-cool, based on phase change material, hybrid air-cool and phase change material, and hybrid water-cool and phase change material. The performance of the mentioned systems in the form of electric vehicle performance and taking into account variable environmental conditions to find the vehicle's energy consumption, battery capacity reduction, and finally carbon emissions are examined in this treatise. In the first chapter, a short introduction about the necessity of conducting this research is provided. In the second chapter, we review the literature related to thermal management systems and carbon emissions. In the third chapter, the equations governing the battery and the electric car model created and developed are presented. Systems based on phase change material, air-cool and water-cool, and hybrid systems have been investigated only in module or cell dimensions in the articles and the effect of electric vehicle performance and environmental factors has rarely been seen. In the fourth chapter, we present the model of the electric car with different thermal management systems, validate the performance of the modeled car and battery, and present the results of various simulations.
In this section, we present the performance of the validated electric vehicle in the variable environmental conditions of Tehran (variable environmental temperature and solar radiation during the vehicle's movement) during all 12 months. The battery power consumption and temperature change in each simulated case are considered constant for one month and the reduction of battery capacity is calculated during ten years. Battery capacity reduction in systems based on phase change material, air-cool, water-cool, hybrid air and phase change material, and hybrid water and phase change material at the end of the tenth year, 6.95%, 17% respectively 7.7% and 7.26%, 6.98% and 7.03% assuming 22 working days including two round trips with the WLTP driving cycle. In addition, carbon emissions associated with water-cool, air-cool, and phase change material-based thermal management systems, hybrid air and phase change material, and hybrid water and phase change material, respectively 12/242, 11.042 and 10.042, 11.305 and 12.504 kg per 100 km of car travel.
