چكيده به لاتين
Nanotechnology has significantly enhanced drug delivery systems, enabling better control and reducing adverse effects compared to conventional therapies like chemotherapy. Therefore, designing a biocompatible nanocarrier with a long half-life, high bioavailability, and efficacy for targeted drug delivery is essential. In this research, a nanocomposite hydrogel based on carboxymethyl cellulose-pectin-nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots was successfully synthesized via a double emulsion method as a carrier for controlled release of gemcitabine for breast cancer treatment. The physical and chemical properties of the resulting nanocomposite were characterized using FTIR, XRD, PL, DLS, Zeta potential, and FESEM analyses. Gemcitabine was then loaded onto the nanocomposite, and the effect of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots on drug loading capacity and efficiency was investigated. The results showed an increase in drug loading capacity and efficiency when using nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots. FTIR, XRD, and FESEM analyses confirmed the formation of the carboxymethyl cellulose-pectin-nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot nanocomposite containing gemcitabine. The surface charge of the nanocomposite hydrogel and the hydrodynamic diameter range of the nanosystem were determined by Zeta potential and DLS analyses to be -50.5 mV and 265 nm, respectively, indicating good stability of the nanocarriers and a suitable size distribution for drug delivery applications. The release of gemcitabine from the nanocomposite was investigated using the dialysis bag method with sequential sampling after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours, using UV spectrophotometry and a standard gemcitabine calibration curve. The results obtained from drug release from the nanocomposite showed a sustained and controlled pH-sensitive release in the acidic environment of cancer cells, with a passive targeting mechanism that reduces the toxic effects of the drug on healthy cells. The designed nanocarrier, with its increased drug loading capacity and sustained release, along with overcoming the limitations of using free drugs, has been able to increase the efficacy against tumor masses.
