سيداحسان عزيززاده

This Given the global COVID-19 pandemic, the widespread use of Favipiravir in Iran and worldwide has become preva‎lent. Consequently, the environmental impacts of the discharge of this drug through pharmaceutical wastewater into ecosystems are inevitable. Considering the abundant availability of agricultural biomass waste, orange tree leaves, which are cultivated in northern Iran, can serve as a practical solution to address this issue. In this study, modified magnetic biochar derived from orange leaves was used as an adsorbent to remove Favipiravir from wastewater. The biochar was synthesized via pyrolysis, and its structure was modified using zinc chloride (ZnCl₂) and ferric chloride (FeCl₃). The structural properties of the adsorbent were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The influence of four operational parameters, including pH, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time, on Favipiravir removal was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and a central composite design (CCD). A total of 22 experiments were performed at five levels. The optimal conditions for achieving the maximum Favipiravir removal efficiency (90%) were determined as follows: an initial concentration of 14.1 mg/L, an adsorbent dosage of 0.161 g, a contact time of 97.7 minutes, and a pH of 8.3. Based on the findings of this research, the synthesized biochar adsorbent, with its excellent biocompatibility, high adsorption capacity, and regenerability, can be effectively utilized for the removal of Favipiravir from wastewater. Moreover, due to its magnetic properties, the adsorbent can be easily separated from aqueous solutions using a magnet.

جذب سطحي , جذب , زغال زيستي , سطح پاسخ , مغناطيسي

Adsorption , Biochar , Response Surface , Magnetic , Favipiravir

ehsan azizzadeh

dr. salman movahedi rad