چكيده به لاتين
Centralization and sectoral planning have been among the key factors contributing to spatial inequalities and the uneven distribution of urban capital, particularly between the northern and southern parts of Tehran. The right to tourism, as one of the fundamental human rights, emphasizes equitable and sustainable access for all individuals to recreational, historical, nature-based, cultural, and social experiences in a safe and enriching environment. This right plays a central role in achieving sustainable urban development by enhancing the quality of life for local residents, improving tourists' experiences, strengthening social interactions, and fostering a sense of belonging. Accordingly, urban planning and tourism development share common and aligned goals, and their reciprocal interactions can have significant impacts on improving the spatial, economic, and social structures of cities. The target audience of tourism planning in this study includes Tehran residents and domestic and international tourists who stay in the city for more than one day. Considering Tehran’s extensive tourism potential, strategic spatial planning and the adoption of transformative approaches appear capable of simultaneously meeting the needs of both citizens and tourists, leading to a more balanced and equitable urban development. However, this issue has not yet received sufficient attention. From this perspective, the present study aims to explore the concepts and indicators of spatial justice in tourism planning for the city of Tehran.
This research is influenced by the interpretive-critical paradigm and utilizes retrospective, inductive, and interrogative approaches. The retrospective approach is used to trace the impact of tourism on spatial justice, the inductive approach is applied for theory generation and interpretive modeling from the collected data, and the interrogative logic is used for coding and creating the researcher’s personal understanding of the data during the process. This study is qualitative and fundamental in nature, and employs systematic and constructivist readings, using the grounded theory methodology to analyze the data. Data collection was carried out through library research, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews with 23 faculty members and experts in the fields of urban planning and tourism. In the data analysis process, initially in the open coding stage, 2839 open codes were extracted from the interviews and reduced to 651 initial concepts. Then, in the axial coding stage, these concepts were organized into 120 categories and ultimately reduced to 41 axial categories. In the third stage, the axial codes were condensed into 20 selective categories, which reveal the key themes of the study across six dimensions of the grounded interpretive model. To enhance the validity of the findings, Lincoln and Guba’s credibility verification method was used.
Centralization and sectoral planning have been among the key factors contributing to spatial inequalities and the uneven distribution of urban capital, particularly between the northern and southern parts of Tehran. The right to tourism, as one of the fundamental human rights, emphasizes equitable and sustainable access for all individuals to recreational, historical, nature-based, cultural, and social experiences in a safe and enriching environment. This right plays a central role in achieving sustainable urban development by enhancing the quality of life for local residents, improving tourists' experiences, strengthening social interactions, and fostering a sense of belonging. Accordingly, urban planning and tourism development share common and aligned goals, and their reciprocal interactions can have significant impacts on improving the spatial, economic, and social structures of cities. The target audience of tourism planning in this study includes Tehran residents and domestic and international tourists who stay in the city for more than one day. Considering Tehran’s extensive tourism potential, strategic spatial planning and the adoption of transformative approaches appear capable of simultaneously meeting the needs of both citizens and tourists, leading to a more balanced and equitable urban development. However, this issue has not yet received sufficient attention. From this perspective, the present study aims to explore the concepts and indicators of spatial justice in tourism planning for the city of Tehran.
