چكيده به لاتين
The construction industry is one of the most important sectors of the economy, playing a significant role in economic growth, job creation, and the development of a country's infrastructure. However, productivity in this industry, particularly in state-owned construction companies that act as key players and are responsible for executing large civil projects, faces challenges such as inefficient resource management, project delays, and resource wastage. The primary objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive and precise model for measuring and analyzing the productivity of state-owned construction companies using the constant returns to scale (CRS) method with an input-oriented approach. In this approach, the initial efficiency and optimal coefficients of the companies are calculated, followed by the application of a cross-efficiency model to determine the final efficiency and rank the companies. In this study, the model inputs include operational costs, administrative and sales expenses, workforce size, project completion time, fixed assets, and outputs such as operational revenue, net profit, construction area, project scheduling, and customer satisfaction. Financial and performance data from 10 state-owned construction companies from 2019 to 2023 were collected and analyzed using specialized software in this field. The results of the study, based on the cross-efficiency model, showed that the average productivity of the companies under review during the study period was 0.65, indicating a relatively low level of efficiency in these companies. Additionally, the highest and lowest productivity levels belonged to Omide Tose'e va Omran Company with 0.822 and Maskan Investment Company with 0.443, respectively. It is worth noting that this research employed a slope analysis of productivity trends to enable continuous and dynamic evaluation of productivity changes over this period. Ultimately, Baghmisheh Housing and Urban Development Company, with a slope of 0.0487, showed an improving trend in productivity, while companies such as Maskan Investment Company, with a slope of -0.0665, faced significant challenges in maintaining or increasing productivity. According to the results, efficient companies, in 70% of cases, achieved optimal productivity by effectively utilizing inputs such as workforce size, administrative and sales expenses, and research and development, as well as by achieving outputs such as operational revenue and customer satisfaction, demonstrating a significant advantage over others.
Keywords: Productivity, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Cross-Efficiency, Constant Returns to Scale (CRS), State-Owned Construction Companies, Construction Industry.
