زهرا تقي زاده مرجل

In order to assess the injury to people, the overturning of a bus has been examined in this study. Thus, the test conditions were based on the ECE R66 stan‎dard for bus overturning. Placing the human biomechanics model on the turned side of the vehicle allowed investigators to look into potential injury to the passenger. The finite element modeling an‎d simulation technique has been applied in LS Dyna software to analyze the test circumstances. The angular velocity of the bus model has been verified through comparison with the theoretical technique an‎d the Adams software. The influence on the sitting biomechanical model of a human has been studied when the bus impacts the ground. For this purpose, the impact of injury to the back, femur bone has been analyzed. The assessment is based on the criterion of lumbar injury, i.e. fractures in the lumbar vertebrae by calculating the maximum force applied. The results show that the first impact of the bus on the ground occurs in 20 ms, which causes the dummy to move towards the side wall of the bus (overturning side). The second impact of the bus, when its belt rail hits the ground, occurs in 80 milliseconds. At 120 milliseconds, the dummy experiences an upward jump along the Y axis, therefore the maximum force an‎d bending moment on the manikinʹs waist occurs in this direction. Also, at 160 ms, the dummy experiences a whiplash to the neck. The maximum deformation of the bus waist rail occurs in the front part of the bus. According to the eva‎luation of lumbar injury criteria, fractures an‎d injuries do not occur in lumbar vertebrae, an‎d according to Stamperʹs chart, the probability of injury is less than 20%. The maximum force applied to the left femure bone is tensile along the Z axis, an‎d the maximum force applied to the right thigh also occurs in the same direction. Compared to the right femure bone, the left femure bone (overturning side) experiences a greater force. The probability of femur fracture an‎d damage is assessed to be less than 10% based on the injury criterion. that the accuracy of the results was determined by comparing the obtained results with those of previous studies.

آسيب كمري , استاندارد ECE R66 , واژگوني اتوبوس , آسيب بيومكانيكي سرنشين , آسيب استخوان ران

Lumbar Spine Injury , ECE R66 Standard , bus rollover , Occupant biomedical injury , Femure bone injury

Taghizade

Dr. Marzbanrad