Investigation of zinc an‎d magnesium cation substitution on the formation an‎d physical properties of β-tricalcium phosphate synthesized by the precipitation method for bone-related applications.

5/20/2026 12:00:00 AM

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) cements are among the most important calcium phosphate compounds an‎d are naturally present as part of the mineral an‎d inorganic phase of human hard tissues such as bone an‎d teeth. Owing to their structural similarity to bone mineral an‎d their high biocompatibility, these cements have been widely used in clinical treatments an‎d bone regeneration. Given the extensive clinical applications of these materials, many studies have focused on improving their properties through additives an‎d various modifications to their formulations. One of the most effective approaches to enhance the performance of tricalcium phosphate cements is the incorporation of additives such as different cations, which can strengthen the physical an‎d biological characteristics of these materials. In this context, beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), as a subgroup of calcium phosphate cements, has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its unique properties, including biodegradability, osteoinductivity, osteogenesis, an‎d osteoconductivity. Because of these attributes, β-TCP has been extensively used for the repair an‎d regeneration of bone tissues, particularly in orthopedic an‎d dental applications. In the present study, an effort has been made to investigate the effect of substituting zinc (Zn) an‎d magnesium (Mg) cations on the physical an‎d biological properties of β-TCP cements. This research eva‎luates changes in characteristics such as mechanical strength, porosity, biocompatibility, degradability, an‎d osteogenic induction in β-TCP cements upon the addition of these cations. In addition, the effects of these additives on the microstructural features an‎d the bone tissue repair capability are examined using laboratory models. The main objective of this research is to improve the performance of β-TCP cements for clinical applications through the use of various additives. The findings of this study may provide strategies for designing new bone cements with more optimized properties for medical use an‎d may contribute to accelerating the process of bone repair an‎d regeneration. Moreover, the results may support the development of new materials for the treatment of bone diseases an‎d improve the effectiveness of therapies based on bone implant materials.

سيمان استخوان، بتاتري‌كلسيم‌فسفات، نيترات‌روي، منيزيم‌كلريد

Bone cement, β-tricalcium phosphate, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, Magnesium chloride

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