Synthesis an‎d characterization of porphyrin@g-C₃N₄/HfO₂ nanocomposite for improving the Photocatalysis degradation of organic dyes in aqueous solution

1/25/2026 12:00:00 AM

In this study, in order to improve the efficiency of colored wastewater treatment processes, a novel photocatalyst based on the combination of hafnium oxide (HfO₂) an‎d graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) was synthesized an‎d characterized in the presence of porphyrin compounds. The main goal of this study was to improve the absorption of visible light an‎d increase the efficiency of optical charge transfer for the effective degradation of resistant organic dyes. Structural, optical, an‎d morphological characterization of the samples was carried out using XRD, FTIR, SEM, UV–Vis DRS, etc. To eva‎luate the photocatalytic performance, the organic dye Congo Red (CR) was used as a pollutant model. The results showed that Congo Red is a more suitable indicator for measuring the actual catalytic power under quasi-industrial conditions due to its structural stability an‎d the presence of azo bonds. The effect of effective parameters including irradiation time, initial dye concentration, an‎d optimal photocatalyst dosage showed that under optimal light conditions, the synthesized nanocomposite was able to remove 99.4% of Congo Red dye in the shortest time. Overall, the findings of this study indicate the high potential of porphyrin-modified HfO₂/g-C₃N₄ composite in increasing visible light absorption an‎d effective treatment of industrial wastewater.

پورفيرين ، نانوكامپوزيت ، فلزدار شده با منگنز ، آلاينده هاي رنگي ، تخريب ، حذف رنگ ، هافنيم اكسيد ، كربن نيتريد گرافيتي.

Porphyrin, nanocomposite, manganese metallized, colored pollutants, degradation, color removal, hafnium oxide, graphitic carbon nitride.

Shakiba Adli

Dr. Rahimi