علي پي سر

Radial distribution networks, due to their unidirectional power flow structure, are highly vulnerable to faults; a single interruption at any point can lead to a complete outage for all downstream consumers. This issue becomes more critical in the stan‎dard 33-bus distribution system used as the analytical basis of this study. The integration of renewable energy sources such as wind turbines further intensifies these challenges, as their inherently fluctuating power output results in voltage instability, irregular load profiles, an‎d degradation of network reliability. Under these conditions, the use of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES), with its extremely fast response time an‎d capability for instantaneous active-power exchange, emerges as an effective solution for mitigating power fluctuations an‎d enhancing the dynamic stability of the network. Additionally, employing the DSTATCOM functionality within the interfacing inverters of both wind turbines an‎d SMES enables reactive-power support an‎d significant improvement in voltage quality.In this research, a comprehensive modeling framework incorporating load characteristics, wind turbine behavior, SMES dynamic performance, inverter active/reactive power limits, an‎d DSTATCOM operational principles is developed. Based on this framework, a multi-objective optimization function is formulated to improve system reliability, enhance security, an‎d reduce power losses. The objective function simultaneously considers indices such as energy not supplied, interruption frequency an‎d duration, unavailability rate, an‎d line security factors, while respecting the operational constraints of the radial distribution network. To determine the optimal size an‎d placement of wind turbines an‎d SMES units, the Walrus Optimization Algorithm an‎d its enhanced version are employed. The improved algorithm strengthens search capabilities, prevents entrapment in local optima, an‎d maintains an effective balance between exploration an‎d exploitation, leading to more accurate an‎d reliable solutions. The obtained results demonstrate that the coordinated deployment of optimally sized an‎d located wind turbines an‎d SMES units, combined with the DSTATCOM functionality, significantly improves network performance. Enhancements are observed in voltage profiles, power-flow stability, line loading conditions, an‎d all major reliability an‎d security indices. Overall, the proposed framework offers a robust an‎d efficient approach for planning an‎d operating distribution networks with integrated renewable energy sources an‎d high-speed energy storage systems.

ذخيره ساز , ذخيره ساز ابررسانا , قابليت اطمينان

Ess , SMES , Reliability

Ali Paisar

Dr. Mohsen Kalantar