Formulation of oil balm containing nettle extract an‎d green synthesized silver nanoparticles an‎d investigation of its physicochemical properties

5/11/2027 12:00:00 AM

In this study, a natural oil-based balm containing nettle (Urtica dioica) extract an‎d greensynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was formulated, an‎d its physicochemical, antioxidant, an‎d antimicrobial properties were eva‎luated. Initially, three types of extracts—aqueous, ethanolic, an‎d Soxhlet—were prepared from dried nettle leaves. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the ethanolic an‎d Soxhlet extracts under controlled conditions (1 mM AgNO₃ concentration, pH = 8, an‎d 60°C). The color change of the reaction solution from yellow to brown, along with the surface plasmon resonance peak around 430 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum, confirmed the formation of AgNPs. FTIR analysis indicated that phenolic an‎d carbonyl functional groups in the extract played an active role in the reduction an‎d stabilization of AgNPs. SEM images revealed nearly spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 20–40 nm, while DLS analysis confirmed a mean particle size of 25–32 nm an‎d a polydispersity index (PDI <‎ 0.3). Subsequently, a natural oil-based balm composed of beeswax, olive oil, coconut oil, shea butter, an‎d vitamin E was prepared, an‎d the extracts an‎d synthesized nanoparticles were incorporated into the formulation. Physicochemical eva‎luations (color, stability, an‎d viscosity) demonstrated that the addition of AgNPs an‎d plant extract improved the stability an‎d enhanced the thermal resistance of the balm. Antioxidant assays (DPPH an‎d FRAP) an‎d antimicrobial activity (disk diffusion method) showed that the combined formulation (FNA) exhibited the highest biological activity. Overall, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using nettle extract an‎d their incorporation into a balm formulation represent an efficient, biocompatible, an‎d scalable approach for the development of natural skincare products

گزنه , نانوذرات

nettle , nanoparticles

parichehr khatir

shahrzad javanshir